论地勘企业产品结构调整

党的十二届三中全会以来,随着地勘单位“一业为主,多种经营”方针的实施,许多地勘单位兴办了以产品或服务直接面向市场的企业,或是地勘业的延伸产业,或是当时市场前景看好,进入门槛较低的产业。二十多年来,地勘单位的多种经营企业为地勘单位承接了转产职工,增加了对外收入,增强     

SPATIO-TEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NO2 IN PRD URBAN GROUP AND THE ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCES ANALYSIS BASED ON OMI REMOTE SENSING DATA

Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics and variation trends of tropospheric NO_2 in Pearl River Delta(PRD) urban group and its adjacent areas were analyze from 2005 to 2013 based on remote sensing data from ozone monitoring instrument(OMI) satellite, and further explored the impact of human activities on NO_2. Compared with the ground observation data, the OMI NO_2 remote sensing data displayed high reliability. Due to active industrial production, high car ownership, great energy and power consumption, the average tropospheric NO_2concentration(7.4×1015molec/cm2) of PRD region is about 3 times of the adjacent areas. At the same time, the regional high pollution NO_2 in PRD region as a whole, the urban group effect is remarkable. Sinusoidal model can well fit the periodic variation of the NO_2 in PRD and adjacent areas. NO_2 concentration was highest in winter while lowest in summer. The concentration of NO_2 in PRD region is decreasing in recent 9 years, which has a significantly negative correlation with the second industry output and car ownership. This suggests that the nitrogen oxide emissions governance in PRD region had achieved initial results. The concentration of NO_2 increased significantly in the eastern and northern Guangdong Province, there are good positive correlations with the second industrial outputs and car ownerships, it is thus clear that industrial emissions and automobile exhausts are important sources of NO_2 in these regions. The concentration of NO_2 in western Guangdong area is stable.     

水文循环模拟中下垫面参数化方法综述

针对水文循环模拟中地形、土地利用覆被等流域下垫面参数化方法众多,且模拟效果相差较大的现状。本文首先根据水文循环模拟中产汇流原理,对常用水文循环模拟中产汇流模拟方法进行汇总和分类;在此基础上,对产流模拟中的降水径流相关系数法、蓄满产流和超渗产流等及汇流模拟中的等流时线、单位线、圣维南方程、马斯京根法等主要模拟方法中地形、土地利用覆被和土壤类型参数化方法进行分析和讨论;根据其中流域地形、土地利用覆被和土壤类型参数化方法对机理过程的描述程度,将其分为无明确表示类、率定型参数类、确定型参数类、物理过程表达类;进而阐明不同参数化方法中流域地形、土地利用覆被和土壤类型对水文循环模拟结果的响应和贡献。最后回归模型本质,阐述水文循环模拟中流域下垫面参数化方法中存在经验关系对复杂机理简单表述的合理性和物理机理过程描述的欠缺性问题,并预估未来水文循环模拟中下垫面参数化方法朝着简洁实用化和复杂机理化两个方向发展。     

现行普适降水入渗产流模型的比较研究:SCS与LCM(英文)

Runoff calculation is one of the key components in the hydrological modeling. For a certain spatial scale, runoff is a very complex nonlinear process. Currently, the runoff yield model in different hydrological models is not unique. The Chinese LCM model and the American SCS model describe runoff at the macroscopic scale, taking into account the relationship between total actual retention and total rainfall and having a certain similarity. In this study, by comparing the two runoff yield models using theoretical analyses and numerical simulations, we have found that:(1) the SCS model is a simple linear representation of the LCM model, and the LCM model reflects more significantly the nonlinearity of catchment runoff.(2) There are strict mathematical relationships between parameters(R, r) of the LCM model and between parameters(S) of the SCS model, respectively. Parameters(R, r) of the LCM can be determined using the research results of the SCS model parameters.(3) LCM model parameters(R, r) can be easily obtained by field experiments, while SCS parameters(S) are difficult to measure. Therefore, parameters(R, r) of the LCM model also can provide the foundation for the SCS model.(4) The SCS model has a linear relationship between the reciprocal of total actual retention and the reciprocal of total rainfall during runoff period. The one-order terms of a Taylor series expansion of the LCM model describe the same relationship, which is worth further study.     

温、湿控制生土三轴试验装置的研制与应用

为研究温度和湿度对生土力学特性的影响,自主研发了温、湿控制生土三轴试验装置。基于常规三轴压力室,借助电涡流非接触位移传感器搭建高精度变形测试系统,实现环境变化下生土应变的连续性捕捉。针对法国里昂地区生土材料,开展不同湿度、围压和温度作用下生土三轴循环加载-卸载试验,实测生土在不同工况下的三轴剪切破坏强度、应力-应变曲线及体积变化,通过分析滞回曲线,研究弹性模量和残余应变随应力水平的演化特征;同时进行了变湿度条件下生土气态水迁移效应试验。结果表明：该装置能够稳定控制生土环境变化条件,模拟再现生土单元体实际服役工况,精确测量试验过程中生土力学指标及湿度、温度与压力等环境指标,初步检验了装置性能的可靠性和准确性。相关成果可为荷载-湿-热耦合作用下非饱和生土变形机制的研究与本构模型的建立提供技术支撑。     

桂东南早三叠世火山通道的发现及岩石成因

位于扬子地块与华夏地块拼合带西南段的桂东南容县下罗杏发现早三叠世火山通道,对剖析华南印支期区域构造演化具有重要的地质意义。该火山通道出露主要岩性为隐爆角砾岩、流纹岩、粗面安山玢岩、霏细斑岩等,柱状节理发育,为超浅成相—溢流相。流纹岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学分析表明,加权平均值为249. 9±1. 6 Ma (MSWD=1. 9) ,代表了火山喷出年龄,属早三叠世（印支期）岩浆活动产物。岩石具有钾玄岩—高钾钙碱性系列,较低的TiO2含量、较高的K2O/Na2O值、明显亏损Ta、Nb、P、Ti等高场强元素,显示出弧火山岩的特征。锆石的εHf(t)值为-14. 50~-6. 61,对应的单阶段Hf模式年龄(TDM)为1. 17~1. 49 Ga,二阶段Hf模式年龄(T2DM)为1. 70~2. 20 Ga。综合地球化学、锆石Hf同位素组成特征及区域地质资料,认为下罗杏火山岩,为地壳减压松弛的构造背景下, 地幔或软流圈物质上涌,诱发地壳物质发生高温熔融作用的形成,其构造—岩浆热事件的动力应该来源于古太平洋向华南板块的俯冲。     

基于砂槽电化学-水动力学循环系统氯代烃反应迁移实验与模拟研究

在室内砂槽实验尺度,建立了潜水-微承压含水层中电化学-水动力循环系统下混合氯代烃生物降解的反应迁移模型,求取了混合氯代烃体系中各组分的反应动力学参数,并基于模型探究了含水层性质及工艺参数对该修复过程的影响机制.研究结果表明:（1）增大抽水流量可加快反应速率常数大的污染物降解,同时也会抑制反应速率常数较小的污染物去除.（2）增大电流强度和井内电极对氯代烃的好氧降解和厌氧脱氯过程分别具有促进和抑制作用.（3）含水层非均质性越强,氯代烃降解速率越小,这尤其体现在低渗区,且含水层非均质性对易降解污染物修复效果的影响较小.      

等高线自动生成技术在生产中的应用分析

现代测绘科学快速发展使等高线自动生成技术在生产中得到广泛应用,且其方法和途径多种多样。本文主要分析在成图范围大小、任务完成时限、成果精度要求、可用数据资料、人力物力和装备等前提条件确定的情况下,应用该技术的注意事项。     

祁连山冻土区天然气水合物岩心顶空气组分与同位素的指示意义——以DK-9孔为例

通过对祁连山冻土区天然气水合物DK-9孔不同深度岩心顶空气中的烃类气体组分及甲烷、乙烷的C同位素分析测试,对比分析了岩心顶空气组分含量变化与天然气水合物及其异常层段、油气显示层段、断层或破碎带分布之间的空间关系,探讨了顶空气组分对天然气水合物及其异常现象、油气显示现象、烃类气体运移作用及顶空气同位素对气体成因的指示意义。结果显示,岩心顶空气中烃类气体含量高的深度段180.26~308.50m、356.45~399.32m、458.55~508.65m与天然气水合物及其异常层段、油气显示层段具有较好的对应关系,其高值区间可作为天然气水合物、油气显示的一种指示。距断层或破碎带产出位置不同的岩心顶空气组分含量变化显示,不同级次的断裂系统为烃类气体向上运移提供了通道,部分可为天然气水合物提供一定的赋存空间;甲烷、乙烷C同位素数据显示气体以热解成因为主,部分为混合成因。     

广东省能见度仪观测网优化设计

针对广东省的能见度观测展开研究,提出了适用于能见度观测布局适应性分布研究的新方案,旨在为器测替代目测的能见度监测网提供建议。研究表明:利用广东省86个地面气象观测站的2009—2011年能见度和相对湿度日平均值资料,计算得到了品质因数 (figure of merit,FOM指数) 和空间影响范围因数 (sphere of influence,SOI指数),并以此为依据对现有的能见度站点进行排名和分类。再根据确定的标准遴选所需站点,筛选时,如果排名低的站点影响的范围内超过50%的区域被排名高的站点影响范围所覆盖,则剔除此排名低的站点。筛选得到广东省能见度仪观测站网需要的最少站点数为43个。考虑到地形以及增加背景站等因素,最后综合考虑广东省能见度仪观测站网所需要的站点数为51个,该结果可为器测能见度观测站网建设提供参考。