东莞市农田土壤和蔬菜重金属含量分析

A total of 118 of agricultural soil and 43 of vegetable samples were collected from Dongguan City,Guangdong,China. The spatial distribution,sources,accumulation charac-teristics and potential risk of heavy metals in the agricultural soils and vegetables were de-picted in details by three different approaches,including total contents of eight metal ele-ments in soils and vegetables,GIS maps and multivariate analysis of heavy metals in soils in the study. The results show that there are higher accumulation of heavy metals such as Cu,Zn,Ni,Pb,Cd and Hg in agricultural soils,and the contents of Pb (65.38 mg kg-1) and Hg (0.24 mg kg-1) are 1.82 and 2.82 times of the background contents of the corresponding heavy metals in soils of Guangdong Province,respectively. There are about 3.4% of Cu,5.9% of Ni,1.7% of Cd and 28% of Hg in all collected soil samples from all investigated sites which have overran the contents for heavy metals of the China Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB15618-1995,Grade Ⅱ ). The pollution characteristics of multi-metals in soils are mainly reflected by Hg. There are different sources to eight metal elements in soils,Cu,Zn,Ni,Cr and As are predominantly derived from parent materials,and Pb,Hg and Cd are affected by anthropogenic activities. The spatial distribution shows that the Cu,Zn,Ni,Cr,Pb,As and Hg contents of agricultural soils are high in the west and low in the east,and Cd contents are high in the northwest,southeast and low in the southwest in Dongguan. The ratios of vegetable samples which Ni,Pb and As concentrations higher than the Maximum Levels of Con-taminants in Foods (GB2762-2005) are 4.7%,16.3% and 48.8%,respectively. The order of bio-concentration factors (BCF) of heavy metals in vegetables is Cd Zn Cu As Ni Hg Cr Pb. It is necessary to focus on potential risk of heavy metals for food safety and hu-man's health from agricultural soils and vegetables in Dongguan City,Guangdong Province.     

东江流域非点源污染模拟及时空分布研究

应用国外较成熟的半分布式水文模型HSPF,建立了东江流域径流与非点源污染模拟模型,在此基础上定量计算与分析了东江流域非点源污染的时空分布特征。结果表明:径流模拟的相对误差在10%以内,纳什效率系数大于0.8,泥沙以及非点源污染氨氮、总磷模拟的相对误差在15%以内,纳什效率系数大于0.6,所建立的基于HSPF的模型可以满足研究东江流域径流与非点源污染长期变化过程与时空分布特征的需要;丰水年是东江流域非点源污染物流失的关键年份,降雨对东江流域非点源污染过程影响很大,汛期是东江流域非点源污染防治的关键时期;东江流域氨氮、总磷非点源污染月负荷与月降雨量存在非线性相关,复合回归曲线可较好地拟合两者的时间变化;东江流域非点源污染的关键区域主要位于流域中下游源城区、博罗县、惠城区中耕地与建设用地集中的地块;各子流域非点源污染产生的氨氮、总磷浓度指标与耕地、园地、林地、建设用地面积比例存在显著的线性相关关系。     

珠江口海域环境及其综合治理问题辨析

分析了珠江口周边陆地与海域所面临的环境复合污染形势及来源，指出海域综合治理应以满足全省乃至全国社会经济可持续发展为前提，通过综合治理，建立新的社会发展秩序、经济发展秩序和使用海环境秩序。提出系统地、定量地研究珠江口海区与外海沿岸流以及与陆地径流的水动力、物质与生物流的相互关系与活动规律，认识海域生态系统的稳定特性与受损害受干扰特征，认识大气系统对海域的作用过程与诱发生态失衡的规律，是建立新秩序的科学基础。