BCC/RCG-WG天气发生器非降水变量模拟参数气候变化特征

利用中国699 个气象站点1951-2007 年的逐日最高气温、最低气温和日照时数资料,分1951-1978 年和1979-2007 年两个时段分析了气候变化对BCC/RCG-WG天气发生器中我国各地逐日非降水变量模拟参数的影响.结果表明,最高气温、最低气温和日照时数三个变量平均值傅立叶级数展开式的年平均值和基波振幅较标准差傅立叶级数展开式的年平均值和基波振幅的变化幅度明显偏大,而平均值傅立叶级数展开式的基波位相变化幅度较标准差的基波位相变化幅度明显偏小;三个变量当天以及后延一天之间的相关系数的绝对变化较小.说明在气候变化背景下,最高气温等三个非降水变量的年平均值和年内变幅有明显的变化,而三个变量年际间的变异、峰值出现时间以及各变量之间的相关性变化较小.     

塔克拉玛干沙漠沙尘演变及气候因素分析

Based on the sand dust storms data and climatic data in 12 meteorological stations around sand dust storm originating areas of the Taklimakan Desert, we analyzed the trends of the number of dust storm days from 1960 to 2005 as well as their correlations with temperature, precipitation, wind speed and the number of days with mean wind speed 〉 5 m/s. The results show that the frequency of dust storm events in the Taklimakan region decreased with the elapse of time. Except Ruoqiang and Minfeng, in the other 10 meteorological stations, the frequency of dust storm events reduces, and in 4 meteorological stations of Kuqa, Korla, Kalpin and Hotan, the frequency of dust storm events distinctly decreases. The temperature has an increasing trend, while the average wind speed and the number of days with mean wind speed ≥ 5 m/s have decreasing trends. The correlation analysis between the number of days of dust storms and climatic parameters demonstrates that wind speed and the number of days with mean wind speed 〉 5 m/s have strong positive correlation with the number of days of dust storms, with the correlations coefficients being 0.743 and 0.720 （p〈0.01）, respectively, which indicates that strong wind is the direct factor resulting in sand dust storms. Whereas precipitation has significant negative correlation with the number of days of dust storms （p〈0.01）, and the prior annual precipitation has also negative correlation, which indicates that the prior precipitation restrains the occurrence of sand dust storms, but this restraining action is weaker than the same year＇s precipitation. Temperature has negative correlation with the number of dust storm days, with a correlations coefficient of -0.433 （p〈0.01）, which means that temperature change also has impacts on the occurrence of dust storm events in the Taklimakan region.     

甘肃省肃南县白尖铁矿地质特征及找矿方向

白尖铁矿位于镜铁山铁矿床外围,是北祁连西段铁多金属成矿带内重要的沉积变质型铁矿床之一。白尖铁矿矿体赋存于长城系桦树沟组中,共圈定铁矿体8条,矿体多呈层状产出,分布受控于含矿层位。矿体长度在86~424 m之间,平均厚度在2.24~26.21 m之间,TFe平均品位为22.55%~34.80%,矿石自然类型以菱铁矿矿石为主;矿石具细粒结构,条带状构造发育,品位低、变化大,具沉积变质型铁矿的特点。通过对白尖铁矿地层层序、成矿地质背景和矿床地质特征综合分析研究,初步提出了今后勘查中找矿方向以赋矿层位为主,这对镜铁山铁矿床外围此类铁矿床的勘查具有一定的参考意义。     

高原寒冷地区温拌沥青混合料水稳性能分析

为探讨高原寒冷地区温拌沥青混合料的水稳定性及性能衰变规律,采用多次冻融循环室内试验模拟混合料所处环境温差大、冻融频繁、气温低等特性,选取Aspha-min、Sasobit、Evotherm等不同类型温拌剂拌制混合料,通过冻融劈裂试验、冻融飞散试验等,分析热拌与温拌沥青混合料的水稳性能及其衰变趋势,定量说明频繁的冻融循环对其性能的影响。结果表明：气候因素长期作用下,热拌沥青混合料的水稳性能优于温拌沥青混合料;随着冻融循环次数的增加,混合料的水稳性能均逐渐下降,15~18次冻融循环后,水稳性能趋于稳定,建议在高寒地区选取15次冻融循环作用次数作为沥青混合料水稳性能评价的试验条件;在选取的3种温拌沥青混合料中,Aspha-min温拌沥青混合料的水稳性能最差。     

快速钻进冲洗液在地浸砂岩型铀矿的应用试验

针对地浸砂岩型铀矿塔木素工作区钻孔施工中发生的孔壁失稳、卡钻埋钻、钻速低等复杂问题,通过快速钻进冲洗液技术的试验应用,有效地防止泥岩地层水化膨胀;抑制岩屑分散,保持孔底清洁,有效地降低钻具摩擦和扭矩,降低了自然事故的发生率,提高了泥岩和砂岩的机械钻速,降低了钻探成本。     

机载Lidar数据的农作物覆盖度及LAI反演

虽然Lidar点云数据已被广泛应用于获取森林各项结构参数,但这些方法并不适合于低矮的灌丛、林地和农作物。本文以玉米为研究对象,提出利用机载Lidar点云数据的强度信息和全波形数据中的距离与扫描天顶角信息,反演农作物覆盖度和LAI的方法。在黑河进行的飞行实验和地面验证表明,该方法具有较高精度,也表明Lidar在低矮自然植被监测和农业应用上有较大潜力。     

公共财政应急支持体系构建——以云南大姚地震为例

通过对2003年云南大姚地震中财政应急支持过程的回顾,分析了财政应对地震类突发事件中存在的一系列问题,并结合当前财政应急支持的现状,参照日本灾害救助的经验,提出了完善我国财政应急支持体系的对策建议.     

苏州市吴县西山石灰石资源开采与环境保护设想

苏州地处长江三角洲冲积平原,矿产资源匮乏。对石灰石资源的争抢滥挖使环境遭到严重破坏。论述了石灰石在苏州地区的需求和石灰石资源的开采现状。从地质条件和区域经济条件２个方面提出了规划开采石灰石的可行性以及保护风景旅游区自然环境的设想。     

太行山南段安林地区侵入岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、 地球化学特征及其构造意义

太行山南段安林地区中生代侵入岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年表明侵入岩形成于129. 1±1. 0~129. 7±1. 1 Ma,属于早白垩世,与太行山其他地区乃至整个华北地区侵入杂岩体具有相近的形成年代,表明在晚中生代太行山地区与华北地区经历了相同的地球动力学背景和构造环境,即南太行山地区处于华北克拉通岩石圈减薄范围之内。安林地区中生代侵入岩轻稀土总量（LREE平均为113. 71×10-6）明显高于重稀土总量（HREE平均为11. 97×10-6）,具有相对明显的富集轻稀土元素的右倾型配分形式、Eu的弱正异常及大离子亲石元素相对富集的特征,且具有Sr、Ba含量高、Sr/Y、（La/Yb）N比值高的特征,表明壳幔岩浆混合是太行山南段安林地区中生代岩浆作用的主要成因机制。     

DYNAMIC FACTORS RELATED TO DECAY PROCESS OF OFFSHORE TROPICAL CYCLONES IN NORTHWEST PACIFIC

Intensity variation of tropical cyclones(TCs),especially that of coastal or landfalling TCs,is of great concern in current research.Most of the research papers,however,focus on intensification processes of TCs;only a few discuss decay processes in the lifetime of a TC.In the daily weather operation related to TCs,it is challenging when a TC weakens and/or disappears suddenly,because it brings more difficulties than the forecast of intensifying TCs does.Overestimation of a decaying landfalling TC would lead to over-preparation of defensive measures and result in"crying wolf"mentality with adverse effects.This study summarized physical mechanisms that dominate the decaying process of TCs and listed several possible dynamical factors:reduced level of air temperature,too large or too small speed,contraction of TC size amplification of TC’s core,and lightning number in a TC.