中国矿业城市（基地）发展模式选择

矿产资源的发现与开发，能吸引生产要素的聚集，对生产力布局具有很大影响。矿产资源开发对产业布局及生产力聚集的影响主要有下面三种情况：     

执法监察实践中的个案分析——对土管法七十六条、七十七条的一点思考

宪法第三十三条规定:中华人民共和国公民在法律面前一律平等.这是我们依法行政必须遵循的一项基本原则.公民在法律面前一律平等,我的理解是至少包含这两层意思:一是任何公民的合法权益,应该一律受到法律的保护;二是任何公民的违法行为,应该一律受到法律的制裁;如果不同的公民发生同样的违法行为,也应该一律受到法律同样的制裁.     

Biogeochemical characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in Jiaozhou Bay sediments

Sediment samples were cored from 3 locations representing the inner bay, the outer bay and the bay mouth of Jiaozhou Bay in September 2003 to study the source and biogeochemical characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in the bay. The content and vertical distributions of total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP）, organic nitrogen （ON）, organic phosphorus （OP）, inorganic nitrogen （IN）, inorganic phosphorus （IP）, the ratio of organic carbon and total nitrogen （OC/TN）, and the ratio of total nitrogen and total phosphorus （TN/TP） in the sediments were analyzed. The results show that both TN and TP in surface sediments decrease from the inner bay to the outer bay. In general, ON occupies 50%-70% of TN and IP accounts for more than 60% of TP. In ratio of OC：TN, the nitrogen accumulated in the sediments from the inner bay and the bay mouth came mainly from terrestrial sources, and the portion of autogenetic nitrogen was 28.9% and 13.1%, respectively. However, in the outer bay, nitrogen was mainly autogenetic, accounting for 62.1% of TN, whereas phosphorus was mainly land-derived. The sedimentation fluxes of nitrogen and phosphorus varied spatially. The overall diagenesis rate of nitrogen was higher than that of phosphorus. Specifically, the diagenesis rate of OP was higher than that of IP. However, the diagenesis rate of ON was not always higher than that of IN. In species, the diagenesis rate of IN is sometimes much higher than that of the OC. In various environments, the diagenesis rate is, to some degree, affected by OC, pH, Eh, and Es.     

太湖及与湖岸城市间大气颗粒物分布特征分析

利用冬季连续2 d在两种气象条件下分别环绕太湖对湖泊近无锡区域、湖心区域、近西山岛区域和近苏州区域近湖层的PM0.5、PM2.5和PM10进行质量浓度观测,并通过分析同期相应气象资料(包括高空和地面风场、流场以及湖面站点的水平垂直风向风速等气象数据),探讨湖泊区域内外颗粒物浓度变化的时空特征以及受气象条件变化的影响。研究表明:第1天当天气为晴转阴且无雾时,由于湖面本身缺乏密集强排放源,以及因湖面大气上升运动较强使颗粒物容易被扩散稀释,且受偏东转东南气流所带来的气团较干净影响,湖面湖心区域和离岛区域颗粒物浓度明显低于上游城市;而在第2天当天气为雾时情况则相反,由于湖面大气较弱的上升运动使得大气颗粒物不容易被扩散稀释,且湖泊强大的水汽源影响有助于气溶胶和颗粒物的生成进而使得湖面颗粒物浓度大于周围城市。此外还发现在两种天气下,颗粒物浓度都存在无锡区域最高,湖心区域次之,苏州区域较低的特征。并且,在雾天不同粒径颗粒物间变化的相关系数更高。     

水母(沙海蜇)降解与营养盐(氮、磷)释放的模拟与实证

The aim of this study was to investigate nitrogen and phosphorus released in the process of the decomposition of giant jellyfish in the laboratory and found the evidence to verify the influence of nutrients released by the decomposition of jellyfish on the ecosystem in the field. The release of nitrogen and phosphorus from the decomposition of Nemopilema nomurai was examined in a series of experiments under different incubation conditions such as different p H values, salinity values, temperatures and nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. The results showed that the complete decomposition of Nemopilema nomurai generally took about 4–8 d. The release of nitrogen and phosphorus from the decomposition of Nemopilema nomurai could be divided into two stages: the early stage and the later stage, although the efflux rate of nitrogen was one order more than phosphorus. In the early stage of the decomposition of Nemopilema nomurai, the concentrations of dissolved nitrogen, dissolved phosphorus, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in seawater increased rapidly, and the concentration of nitrogen could reach the highest level in the whole degradation process. In the later stage of the decomposition, the concentrations of dissolved nitrogen and total nitrogen declined slowly, while the concentration of phosphorus in water could reach a maximum in the degradation process. High p H, low salinity,high temperature and N/P will promote the release of nitrogen; low p H is unfavorable to the release of nitrogen but favorable to the release of phosphorus. In addition, we found the concentrations of ammonium and phosphate in the bottom water were higher than those in the surface water during the period of jellyfish bloom in the Jiaozhou Bay, proving that nutrients released by the decomposition of jellyfish have significant influence on nitrogen and phosphorus in the field. For the whole Yellow Sea, nutrients released by jellyfish carcasses may reach up to(2.63±2.98)×107 mol/d of dissolved nitrogen(DN) and(0.74±0.84)×106 mol/d of dissolved phosphorus(DP) during the period of jellyfish bloom. The values are comparable to riverine inputs in a day, but much higher than sediment–water exchange flux in the Yellow Sea. The great amounts of nutrients must have significant influence on the nutrients balance of the Yellow Sea during the period of jellyfish dead and decomposition. Both the experimental data and field observations proved that the decomposition of jellyfish may release a great amount of nutrient to the surrounding environment during the period of jellyfish decomposition.     

春秋季大丰港海域富营养化评价及趋势分析

文章以2013年4月底和11月中旬对盐城大丰港周边海域开展的海域水质现状调查结果为依据,分析讨论了该海域富营养化指数和营养状态质量指数的分布现状。结果显示:春秋两季富营养化指数范围分别为3.34~13.70、1.66~15.96,平均值为7.70和6.35;春秋两季营养状态质量指数范围分别为3.35~9.80、2.93~6.03,平均值为4.69和4.09;富营养化指数与营养状态质量指数分布总体呈现由西向东递减,王港河河口附近有高值区,说明大丰港海域营养盐主要还是受陆源污染影响;两种评价方法显示大丰海域的富营养化程度的趋势基本一致,即大丰港海域富营养化程度较高,水质状况较差;利用N∶P摩尔比值进行潜在性富营养化评价中发现,大丰港海域水体中无机氮水平较高,活性磷酸盐的含量相对不足,大丰港周边海域属磷限制潜在性富营养水平。     

吕泗渔场表层沉积物中多环芳烃分布特征及生态风险评价

2013年5月采集吕泗渔场海域15个站位的表层沉积物,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对样品中的多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)进行了测定,分析了该海域PAHs的分布特征及来源,并对其进行了生态风险评价。结果表明,吕泗渔场表层沉积物中优控的16种PAHs均有检出,PAHs的含量范围为31.5~109.6ng/g,平均值为54.5ng/g。PAHs的浓度整体上呈现由近岸到远海递减的趋势。与国内其他海区相比较,本研究区域的污染处于较低水平;通过特征组分比例确定吕泗渔场大部分站位表现为煤燃烧源、石油燃烧源的混合来源,LS13、LS14、LS15表现为以煤燃烧源为主的单一来源;生态风险评价显示,吕泗渔场表层沉积物中多环芳烃存在严重的生态风险的概率极小。     

基于中间件的RTK移动定位

目前商用的移动定位增值服务,采用的定位算法精确度不高,同时缺少高效的软硬件平台辅助,造成服务等待时间过长。提出的采用中间件实现RTK移动定位,能够有效提高定位精度。并且能连续监听服务基站的信息流,并发传输与接收多路数据,可以减少定位等待时间,提高服务响应速度,利于移动定位服务的广泛开展。     

基于分形理论和模型试验的沟道物源动储量评价模型

汶川地震后,大量松散固体物源堆积在沟道中,使沟道泥石流发生的概率激增。准确的计算泥石流沟道物源的动储量一直是泥石流物源统计的难点。文章以七盘沟下游主沟段沟道物源为研究对象,在实地勘查、资料收集的基础上,以室内模型试验为研究手段,引入分形理论将复杂的土体粒度成分用分维值定量描述,研究不同沟道堆积体在不同降雨作用下的侵蚀规律,建立以降雨强度和分维度为双影响因子的动储量评价模型。研究表明:粗粒土不易起动,但在充足的水动力条件下,侵蚀作用会成倍放大;上细下粗土发生泥石流时侵蚀变化和总的侵蚀规模较小,这种粒序分布形式有益于沟道的稳定;上粗下细土与粗粒土的侵蚀现象类似,但发生大规模泥石流的降雨阈值低于粗粒土;沟道物源中,侵蚀作用效应的排序为:溯源侵蚀>下切侵蚀>侧缘侵蚀>潜蚀;文章所拟合的公式适用于宽缓型沟道泥石流,对于窄陡型沟道泥石流存在一定的局限性。