用于南非疟疾控制的空间辅助决策支持系统

莫桑比克、斯威士兰和南非政府于1999年建立了Lubombo空间发展计划(LSDI),用于促进国家边境地区农村的经济发展。LSDI的目标是增加就业机会,吸引投资,预计五年达到如下目标:促进政府间多层次合作;提高国家在基础设施、旅游和农业的投资;建立稳定的投资环境。     

利用地理挖掘概念推动地理知识获取的可行性研究:第一篇

总结了近阶段一系列的多媒体用于检索各种为空间信息提供图形接口的方式。在20世纪 80年代这种方法导致产生了交互式的原型激光碟,用于评价媒体在信息发布上的有效性,随后提出并发展了地理挖掘概念。地理挖掘概念是     

华南中侏罗世玄武岩的岩石地球化学研究--以福建藩坑玄武岩为例

华南发育一条近EW向展布的中侏罗世火山岩带, 福建永定盆地的"藩坑组玄武岩"是其中的典型代表之一. 藩坑玄武岩的TiO2为1.92 ～ 3.21 wt%, 属"高Ti玄武岩", 并有较高的全铁含量(11.09 wt%). 该玄武岩与东南沿海来自富集的岩石圈地幔的早白垩世玄武岩相比, 有完全不同的岩石地球化学特征: 相对富集Th, Nb, Ta, Zr和Ti等高场强元素, Zr/Ba, La/Nb, La/Ta, Zr/Y, Ti/Y, Ba/Nb, K/Ti和Rb/Zr等比值也与OIB相似; 除少数样品有较高εNd (T ) (1.87 ～ 3.55)外, 多数样品有类似球粒陨石的εNd (T)(-0.70 ～ 0.24), 属软流圈地幔来源并记录着软流圈与岩石圈相互作用的信息. 赣南、粤北、湘东南的(早-)中侏罗世玄武岩、辉长岩与福建藩坑玄武岩有相似的OIB型岩石地球化学特征. 这种OIB型玄武岩可作为该地区早中生代时期软流圈地幔上涌的岩石学标志. 软流圈地幔的上涌导致该地区构造伸展、裂谷盆地的形成.     

温室效应、海平面上升与海岸地貌

温室效应引起全球增暖问题目前正受到科学家、工程技术人员、政治家和公众的广泛注意。最近的报告表明,对于全球增暖及其影响的确切性质尚不清楚(Schneider,1989)。然而,海岸带可能是一个关键而敏感的环境地带,全球增暖对海岸地貌会产生一系列后果。尽管到2100年全球海平面上升幅度的估计从56厘米到3.45米不等,但一般相差可能在44米和2.17米之间(Hoffman 等,1983:Titus,1987)。     

苏联经济区方案定量研究的经验

通常,经济区划的任务包括以下几个主要阶段:1) 确定作为基础区的地域;2)按照基础区选择区划指标系统及其定量评价;3) 选择区域系统模式;4) 阐明课题建立算法,直接把基础区进行分类计算;5)解释已获得的结果,选出最好的区划方案和有关进一步改善工作方法的结论等等。基础区的范围视所要解决的任务性质而定。     

缺氧环境中的成矿作用及构造,岩性和时间对成矿作用的控制

缺氧环境中，金属从海水、古卤水或热水溶液中被吸附和沉淀而发生积聚。在后来的变质和岩浆作用过程中，金属重新活化，形成矿床。这种矿化类型主要受缺氧环境的构造背景类型控制。被动边缘的碳质沈积岩只含有铀、钒和钼的次经济富集；含铜黑色页岩和海底喷流型矿化则限于大陆裂谷和拉拗槽环境或活动边缘的弧后盆地；变质矿术主要与碰掸边缘有关，但也出现于其它的构造环境类型。含铜黑色页岩的形成，受地球演化过程中超大陆裂开时低     

A 2D finite volume model for bebris flow and its application to events occurred in the Eastern Pyrenees

FLATModel is a 2D finite volume code that contains several original approaches to improve debris-flow simulation. Firstly, FLATModel incorporates a ＂stop-and-go＂ technique in each cell to allow continuous collapses and remobilizations of the debris-flow mass. Secondly, flow velocity and consequently yield stress is directly associated with the type of rheology to improve boundary accuracy. Thirdly, a simple approach for entrainment is also included in the model to analyse the effect of basal erosion of debris flows. FLATMODEL was tested at several events that occurred in the Eastern Pyrenees and simulation results indicated that the model can represent rather well the different characteristics observed in the field.     

Island shadow effects and the wave climate of the Western Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia) inferred from altimetry and numerical model data

To implement a numerical model of atoll lagoon circulation, we characterized first the significant wave height (Hs) regime of the Western Tuamotu Archipelago and the local attenuation due to the protection offered by large atolls in the south Tuamotu. Altimetry satellite data and a WAVEWATCH III two-way nested wave model at 5km resolution from 2000 to 2010 were used. Correlation between altimetry and model was high (0.88) over the period. According to the wave model, the archipelago inner seas experienced attenuated Hs year-long with a yearly average Hs around 1.3m vs a minimum of 1.6m elsewhere. The island shadow effect is especially significant in the austral winter. In contrast with southern atolls, Western Tuamotu experienced only few days per year of Hs larger than 2.5m generated by very high Hs southern swell, transient western local storms, strong easterly winds, and during the passage of distant hurricanes.     

爱琴地区新构造正断层带的构造非均匀性

一、引言 本文是对爱琴张性构造区新构造正断层带为期五年的野外调查结果所作的综台与分析(图1)．着重介绍爱琴地区的三个地带．(1)希腊大陆的科林斯地区(图1a)．(2)西土耳其的伊密兹尔地区(图1b)．(3)柯雷特的中部及西部(图1c)．在这三个地带正断层使中生代碳酸岩同第四纪沉积物直接相接，     

Soil bentonite wall protects foundation from thrust faulting: analyses and experiment

When seismic thrust faults emerge on the ground surface,they are particularly damaging to buildings,bridges and lifelines that lie on the rupture path.To protect a structure founded on a rigid raft,a thick diaphragm-type soil bentonite wall(SBW) is installed in front of and near the foundation,at sufficient depth to intercept the propagating fault rupture.Extensive numerical analyses,verified against reduced–scale(1 g) split box physical model tests,reveal that such a wall,thanks to its high deformability and low shear resistance,"absorbs" the compressive thrust of the fault and forces the rupture to deviate upwards along its length.As a consequence,the foundation is left essentially intact.The effectiveness of SBW is demonstrated to depend on the exact location of the emerging fault and the magnitude of the fault offset.When the latter is large,the unprotected foundation experiences intolerable rigid-body rotation even if the foundation structural distress is not substantial.