The community structure and seasonal dynamics of plankton in Bange Lake,northern Tibet,China

The seasonal variations in biomass, abundance, and species composition of plankton in relation to hydrography were studied in the saline Bange Lake, northern Tibet, China. Sampling was carried out between one to three times per month from May 2001 to July 2002. Salinity ranged from 14 to 146. The air and water temperature exhibited a clear seasonal pattern, and mean annual temperatures were approximately 4.8°C and 7.3°C, respectively. The lowest water temperature occurred in winter from December to March at-2°C and the highest in June and July at 17.7°C. Forty-one phytoplankton taxa, 21 zooplankton, and 5 benthic or facultative zooplankton were identifi ed. The predominant phytoplankton species were Gloeothece linearis, Oscillatoria tenuis, Gloeocapsa punctata, Ctenocladus circinnatus, Dunaliella salina, and Spirulina major. The predominant zooplankton species included H olophrya actra, Brachionus plicatilis, Daphniopsis tibetana, Cletocamptus dertersi, and A rctodiaptomus salinus. The mean annual total phytoplankton density and biomass for the entire lake were 4.52×10~7 cells/L and 1.60 mg/L, respectively. The annual mean zooplankton abundance was 52, 162, 322, and 57, 144 ind./L, in the three sublakes. The annual mean total zooplankton biomass in Lakes 1–3 was 1.23, 9.98, and 2.13 mg/L, respectively. The annual mean tychoplankton abundances in Bg1, 2, and 3 were 47, 67, and 654 ind./L. The annual mean tychoplankton biomass was 2.36, 0.16, and 2.03 mg/L, respectively. The zooplankton biomass(including tychoplankton) in the lake was 9.11 mg/L. The total number of plankton species in the salt lake was signifi cantly negatively correlated with salinity.     

青藏高原碰撞造山带：Ⅲ. 后碰撞伸展成矿作用

“后碰撞”作为大陆碰撞造山作用的特定过程,以其重要的构造演化标示性特征和强烈的爆发式金属成矿作用,受到人们的高度重视。但涉及后碰撞的一系列重要地质问题,如后碰撞期的构造特征与演化历程、岩浆发育序列和岩石构造组合、伸展成矿作用与矿床系列组合等,尚未得到清楚完好的识别、理解和阐示。文章系统研究和总结了青藏高原后碰撞造山与成矿作用特征,提出了后碰撞伸展成矿作用的构造控制模型。研究表明,现今处于后碰撞阶段的青藏高原,中新世以来主要经历了两阶段发育历史。后碰撞早期阶段主要发生下地壳流动与上地壳缩短(>18Ma):下地壳塑性流动并向南挤出,在藏南地区形成EW向延伸的藏南拆离系(STD)和高喜马拉雅,上地壳强烈逆冲推覆,在拉萨地体发育EW向展布的逆冲断裂系;晚期阶段主要发生地壳伸展与裂陷(<18Ma):垂直碰撞带的EW向伸展,形成一系列横切青藏高原的NS向正断层系统(≤13·5Ma)及其围陷的裂谷系和裂陷盆地。后碰撞岩浆作用以形成钾质_超钾质火山岩、钾质埃达克岩、钾质钙碱性花岗岩与淡色花岗岩为特征,集中发育于冈底斯构造_岩浆带和藏南特提斯喜马拉雅。淡色花岗岩与藏南拆离构造有关,其他钾质_超钾质岩浆活动则与EW向地壳伸展有关。青藏高原后碰撞成矿作用强烈而复杂,主要形成斑岩型Cu矿、热液脉型Sb_Au矿、矽卡岩型和热液脉型Ag_Pb_Zn矿以及现代热泉型Cs_Au矿等重要矿床类型。斑岩型Cu矿及矽卡岩型多金属矿床形成于后碰撞伸展环境,岩浆起源于加厚的镁铁质新生下地壳;热液脉型Sb_Au矿发育于藏南拆离带及变质核杂岩周围,系中新世地热田浅成低温热液活动产物。热液脉型Ag_Pb_Zn矿主要产于拉萨地体内部的逆冲构造带内,与地壳流体的迁移汇聚过程有关。青藏高原后碰撞成矿作用在上地壳层次受3大构造系统控制,即①东西向伸展形成的近NS向正断层系统及裂谷裂陷带,②南北向地壳缩短形成的EW向展布的逆冲构造带和③EW向展布的拆离构造带,但在中下地壳/地幔层次上,则受中下地壳物质流动_挤出过程以及俯冲大陆板片断离_拆沉过程控制。     

西藏扎布耶盐湖水位Winters和ARIMA模型分析

由于温室效应,气温加速上升,我国西部干旱一半干旱盐湖区盐湖水位出现加速下降或上升等变化．藏北高原湖泊众多,但都缺少湖水位的人工观测记录．中国地质科学院盐湖中心自1990年始在西藏扎布耶盐湖建立了长期科学观测站,进行水位动态观测,积累了连续13年珍贵的数据．如何根据湖泊水位历史记录数据,准确的定量预测水位中短期变化,是关系着盐湖资源开发命运的大事．本文用Winters线性和季节性指数平滑法、ARIMA乘积季节模型两种时间序列分析方法,根据西藏扎布耶盐湖1991年1月-2003年12月水位变化的时间序列数据,探讨了两种时间序列数据的预测方法在盐湖水位动态变化预测中的应用．