The Gaojiacun Mafic-Ultramafic Complex （Sichuan, SW China）：Neoproterozoic Magmatic Activity at the Western Margin of the Yangtze Craton

1 Introduction The Gaojiacun intrusive complex is one of the numerous ultramafic-mafic intrusions in Sichuan Province of China. It was mapped during the 1970s and studied mainly by Chinese scientists (e.g. Geological Team 106, 1975; Shen et al., 1986, 1989; CGGJC, 1986; Yang et al., 1993; Li et al., 1995; Shen et al., 2003; Zhu et al., 2004a). Since the year 2000, China has become one of the largest PGE consumers. While the country can produce only less than 1 ton PGE/year, the Chin…     

Glacier reconstruction of La Covacha Massif in Sierra de Gredos(central Spain) during the Last Glacial Maximum

A paleoglacier reconstruction during the Last Glacial Maximum(LGM) is presented for a high mountain area of La Covacha massif in Sierra de Gredos(Iberian Central System) in central Spain. The moraines that, according with the previous literature, had formed during the global LGM, were mapped through photo interpretation of digital aerial photographs and 3D images and detailed field surveys. The topography of the paleoglaciers was estimated using a simple steady-state model that assumed a perfectly plastic ice rheology, reconstructing the theoretical ice profiles and obtaining the ice thickness of the glaciers during the LGM. The reconstruction of the glaciers was carried out using automated and semi-automated physically-based models, obtaining more realistic results with semi-automated models. According to our study, the paleoglaciers in the study area covered an area of 34.79 km~2 during the global LGM, with a maximum ice thickness of 366 meters in La Vega gorge, a total volume of 34.25 × 108 m~3 and a mean paleoELA of 1932 meters. Most of the ice(～82%) was in paleoglaciers facing north, and the rest was in paleoglaciers with other orientations. This emphasizes the importance of orientation in relation to glacier dynamics and ice accumulation. The results obtained in the calculation of paleoELAs during the global LGM in Gredos are average compared to the Iberian mountains of the Northwest where the values were much lower, and with respect to those of the Southwest, much higher. This demonstrates the importance of the exposure of Mediterranean mountains to the humidity sources coming from the NW during the global LGM, as is the case at present.     

大陆边缘形成过程中裂谷作用、断裂作用、沉积作用与地幔蛇纹石化的相互关系--以挪威海为例

通过2D热-构造-地层盆地模拟,研究了在大陆裂谷作用过程中地幔蛇纹石化的条件,该模拟试图追踪大陆地壳流变学演化,阐明沉积物覆盖效应,并且动态地控制蛇纹石化过程。基本思想是如果要发生地壳规模的断裂作用和地幔蛇纹石化,那么整个伸展陆壳必须是脆性的。这种反应的均衡和潜在的热效应与构造和热溶解完全相关。系统的参数研究表明存在一个使得地壳完全脆化和蛇纹石化发生的临界伸展因子。由于沉积物的覆盖效应致使地壳温度升高,沉积速率的增加可以使这个关键伸展因子变得更大。因此沉积物供给通过温度控制的粘性流动,强烈控制了地壳的强度,而地幔的蛇纹石化反应仅仅可能当沉积速率低而伸展因子高的时候发生。在一个典型的实例,挪威陆缘,我们试验了位于More和Voting边缘之下的内部下陆壳体(LCB)是否可能是蛇纹石化地幔。Scheck-Wenderoth和Maystrenko(2011)以3D资料为基础建立了多条2D剖面。我们发现蛇纹石化反应是可能的,而且可能是在侏罗纪裂陷作用阶段。预测的部分蛇纹石化地幔的厚度和位置与地震和重力资料确定的LCB信息吻合。我们认为挪威陆缘之下的一些LCB可能是部分蛇纹石化地幔。     

Structural Setting and Kinematic Analysis of the Halaban Region,Eastern Arabian Shield,Saudi Arabia

The vorticity analysis technique was applied to measure the different lithological units,such as schist,metagranite and metavolcano-sedimentary rocks,which are present in the Halaban region.This work aims to interpret the relationship between the different lithologies and the tectonic setting,in order to elucidate the nature of kinematic analysis in the Halaban region.The kinematic analyses were applied to feldspar porphyroclasts,quartz and hornblende for twentysix samples.The kinematic vorticity number (W_m) for deformed rocks in the study area ranged from～0.6 to 0.9.The direction of the long axes for finite strain data (X axes) revealed a WNW trend with shallow dipping.The direction of the short axes for finite strain data (Z axes) were represented by vertical with associated horizontal foliation.The results of the kinematic vorticity and strain analyses are characterized by simple shear with different degrees of deformation in the Halaban region.Furthermore,our finite strain data shows no significant volume change during deformation.The subhorizontal foliation was synchronized with thrusting and deformation.Furthermore,throughout the overlying nappes,the same attitudes of tectonic contacts are observable,the nappes in the orogens being formed from simple shear deformation.     

基于开放互操作标准的分布式地理空间模型共享研究

传统的单机环境和封闭式网络环境由于有限的资源利用能力, 难以充分支持分散地学数据、模型等资源的共享与应用集成。基于网络环境的信息交换特点, 提出了分布式地理空间模型共享的服务体系。该体系以数据、模型、元数据等互操作要素为核心, 通过网络将数据、模型等网络节点进行开放式耦合。针对地理空间模型服务的互操作问题, 提出了分布式环境下的模型共享服务交互接口, 该接口定义了模型服务元数据、模型服务的交互操作、模型服务的通讯方式等交互规则, 尽可能地降低模型服务与模型终端之间在数据交换、功能调用等方面的互操作困难。为了降低将模型共享为模型服务的实现难度, 设计和开发了地理空间模型共享平台, 并介绍了在该平台上发布地理空间模型的2种方法。最后介绍了研究成果在Prairie生态模型共享方面的应用实践。     

Diagnosis of trace metal contamination in sediments: the example of Ensenada and El Sauzal, two harbors in Baja California, Mexico

Total metal concentrations in sediments from within Ensenada and El Sauzal Harbors are generally higher than at the mouths. Grain-size analyses suggested that this enrichment could be due to the presence of fine-grained sediments in the inner part of the harbors rather than to anthropogenic perturbations. The (Me/Al)(sample) ratios for Pb, Co, Ni and Fe were significantly higher for Ensenada Harbor relative to El Sauzal Harbor, whereas the ratios for Cd, Mn, Zn and Cu were statistically equivalent for both harbors. Calculated enrichment factors [EF(Me)=(Me/Al)(sample)/(Me/Al)(shale)] indicated that the metals showing slight enrichment were those associated with anthropogenic contamination (Pb, Zn), or probably related to primary productivity in the water column (Cd, Co). The levels of most of the metals were not greatly enriched, a consideration that is of the utmost importance when contamination issues are at stake.     

日本海南部地区的地质和构造运动

日本海南部地区的地质构造可根据海底地形特征及地震反射剖面而了解，因为地形特征和地层的上超和顶超界限被认为与该区的构造运动密切相关。     

Morphology of the ~(13)CO(3–2) millimetre emission across the gas disc surrounding the triple protostar GG Tau A using ALMA observations

Observations by the Atacama Large Millimetre/sub-millimetre Array of the dust continuum and13 CO(3–2) millimetre emissions of the triple stellar system GG Tau A are analysed,giving evidence for a rotating gas disc and a concentric and coplanar dust ring. The present work complements an earlier analysis(Tang et al.) by exploring detailed properties of the gas disc. A 95% confidence level upper limit of 0.24′′(34 au) is placed on the disc scale height at a distance of 1′′(140 au) from the central stars. Evidence for Keplerian rotation of the gas disc is presented,with the rotation velocity reaching~3.1 km s~(-1) at 1′′ from the central stars,and a 99% confidence level upper limit of 9% is placed on relative contribution from a possible in-fall velocity. Variations of the intensity across the disc area are studied in detail and confirm the presence of a hot spot in the south-eastern quadrant. However several other significant intensity variations,in particular a depression in the northern direction,are also revealed. Variations of the intensity are found to be positively correlated to variations of the line width. Possible contributions to the measured line width are reviewed,suggesting an increase of the disc temperature and opacity with decreasing distance from the stars.     

Study of A Geo-Acoustic Model of Gas-Bearing Sediment and Its Application in Sediment with Low Acoustic Velocity

A new geo-acoustic model for gas-bearing sediment is proposed based on the work of Dvorkin and Prasad, and Biot theory. Only five geophysical parameters: sediment mineral composition, free gas saturation, tortuosity (also known as the structure factor), permeability, and porosity, are considered in the model. A benefit of this model is that we need only five parameters instead of ten parameters in the Biot’s formulas for acoustic velocity and attenuation calculation. Here the model is demonstrated with the in-situ experimental data collected from the Hangzhou Bay, China. The results of this study suggest that free gas content in sediment is the most critical condition resulting in a low acoustic velocity (compressional wave). The respective contributions of the other four parameters in the model are also discussed.