苏北射阳河口NTCJ1钻孔沉积序列与年代再认识

射阳河口位于苏北粉砂淤泥质海岸上,处在苏北废黄河三角洲侵蚀岸段与江苏中部淤积岸段之间的过渡区域,是淤蚀交替地带,系现代海岸地貌演变的节点处,同时也是晚第四纪古黄河古长江交互作用的关键区域之一。为了深入研究不同大河交互作用下的海岸、陆架晚第四纪沉积层序模式,最近就苏北射阳河口NTCJ1孔沉积序列和年代,根据该孔的岩性、粒度、介形虫、有孔虫、黏土矿物、地球化学元素和ESR测年等结果,并结合邻近其他钻孔和浅层地震剖面资料进行再研究和再认识,主要得到以下两点新认识：① NTCJ1孔22.00 m岩芯记录了MIS 5以来的沉积环境演化过程,可能缺失形成于MIS 4—2的第一陆相沉积层,MIS 1海相沉积层直接上覆于MIS 5海相沉积层,且尚未钻及形成于MIS 6的第二陆相沉积层;② NTCJ1孔中上部0～17.95 m颗粒较细,以粉砂质为主和暗黄色为基调,明显上粗下细,基本为AD 1128—1855年间形成的废黄河三角洲沉积,为一进积序列,底部可能含有少量全新世滨浅海沉积,但目前尚难以甄别;下部17.95～22.00 m颗粒较粗,以细砂质为主和深灰色为基调,尚未钻穿,是受到古黄河明显影响的MIS 5潮汐河口的水道充填沉积。     

南海开发与中国能源安全问题研究

21世纪是海洋经济时代.随着我国经济的发展,能源问题日益突出.2005年石油进口量达到了12 280万t,对外依存度达到34%.由于我国陆上石油资源日益枯竭,海上石油开发就成为能源的战略重点.南海陆架具有良好的生油和储油岩系,可能成为另一个波斯湾或北海油田.南海扼海上要冲--马六甲海峡,南海航线是我国能源的海上生命线,具有不可替代的战略地位.发展深海油气的勘探和开发技术,开发我国的南海深水石油资源,维护海域主权已经刻不容缓.优先进行南海石油开发是破解我国石油能源困局、实现我国经济可持续发展的必选战略.     

长江口水下三角洲现代沉积速率

长江口水下三角洲采集的两个柱状样放射性核素137Cs分析表明,长江口水下三角洲137Cs剖面中均存在清晰的最大蓄积峰,与1963年的137Cs散落沉降相对应,剖面中同时存在可对应于1959年的较清晰的次级蓄积峰,由此计算得到1959-1964年长江口水下三角洲的平均沉积速率为2.4~4.8 cm/a,1964-2006年减小到1.4~1.8 cm/a。反映出长江口水下三角洲整体淤积速率有很大程度的减小,很可能是三峡蓄水导致流域来沙量大幅度减小所致。虽长江口水下三角洲各处淤积速率减小程度不同,但降低的速度很快,表明长江三角洲发育已出现重大变化,水下三角洲局部地区已观察到侵蚀现象。     

污染源监测中污染物排放标准刍议

标准是评价环境质量状况的科学依据,标准的科学性将直接影响人们对环境的认识。文章通过阐述在使用污染物排放标准过程中发现的标准选择单一、污染物命名不统一和标准限值缺乏内在联系等问题,给出了解决问题的方法,并指出标准制订方法的趋势。     

Vibrating-Sliding Motion of Caisson Breakwaters Under Various Breaking Wave Impact Forces

Sliding is one of the principal failure types of caisson breakwaters and is an essential content of stability examination in caisson breakwater design. Herein, the mass-spring-dashpot model of caisson-base system is used to simulate the vi-brating-sliding motion of the caisson under various types of breaking wave impact forces, i.e., single peak impact force, double peak impact force, and shock-damping oscillation impact force. The effects of various breaking wave impacts and the sliding motion on the dynamic response behaviors of caisson breakwaters are investigated and the calculation of relevant system parameters is discussed. It is shown that the dynamic responses of the caisson are significantly different under different types of breaking wave impact forces even when the amplitudes of impact forces are equal. The amplitude of dynamic response of the caisson is lower under single peak impact excitation than that under double peak impact or shock-damping oscillation impact excitation. Though the disp     

Application of Importance Sampling Method in Sliding Failure Simulation of Caisson Breakwaters

It is assumed that the storm wave takes place once a year during the design period, and N histories of storm waves are generated on the basis of wave spectrum corresponding to the N-year design period. The responses of the breakwater to the N histories of storm waves in the N-year design period are calculated by mass-spring-dashpot mode and taken as a set of samples. The failure probability of caisson breakwaters during the design period of N years is obtained by the statistical analysis of many sets of samples. It is the key issue to improve the efficiency of the common Monte Carlo simulation method in the failure probability estimation of caisson breakwaters in the complete life cycle. In this paper, the kernel method of importance sampling, which can greatly increase the efficiency of failure probability calculation of caisson breakwaters, is proposed to estimate the failure probability of caisson breakwaters in the complete life cycle. The effectiveness of the kernel method is investigated by an example. It is indicated that the calculation efficiency of the kernel method is over 10 times the common Monte Carlo simulation method.     

Numerical Analyses of Caisson Breakwaters on Soft Foundations Under Wave Cyclic Loading

A caisson breakwater is built on soft foundations after replacing the upper soft layer with sand. This paper presents a dynamic finite element method to investigate the strength degradation and associated pore pressure development of the intercalated soft layer under wave cyclic loading. By combining the undrained shear strength with the empirical formula of overconsolidation clay produced by unloading and the development model of pore pressure, the dynamic degradation law that describes the undrained shear strength as a function of cycle number and stress level is derived. Based on the proposed dynamic degradation law and M-C yield criterion, a dynamic finite element method is numerically implemented to predict changes in undrained shear strength of the intercalated soft layer by using the general-purpose FEM software ABAQUS, and the accuracy of the method is verified. The effects of cycle number and amplitude of the wave force on the degradation of the undrained shear strength of the intercalated soft layer and the associated excess pore pressure response are investigated by analyzing an overall distribution and three typical sections underneath the breakwater. By comparing the undrained shear strength distributions obtained by the static method and the quasi-static method with the undrained shear strength distributions obtained by the dynamic finite element method in the three typical sections, the superiority of the dynamic finite element method in predicting changes in undrained shear strength is demonstrated.     

海洋权益、经济及一体化管理研究

介绍了联合国海洋法公约的宗旨、主要内容和中国及周边国家采用的原则;叙述了发达国家和中国的海洋经济的发展概况;阐明了海洋一体化管理的内容、形式和特点。     

岩溶区线性工程影响下的地下水监测及数值模拟研究——以广州市金沙洲为例

以广州市金沙洲地区的水文地质条件及地下水位监测结果为基础,应用地下水数值模拟FEFLOW 软件建立了金沙洲地区的地下水系统的数值计算模拟模型。模拟结果表明:（1） 高铁金沙洲隧道施工降水是引起金沙洲地下水流场变化的主要原因,高铁隧道施工大量抽排地下水时,地下水位变化形成以抽水点为中心的降落漏斗;（2） 随着抽水量的加大,形成水位下降漏斗及地下水强径流排泄带,加速地下水对泥沙的搬运动力,增大对岩土体结构的冲刷作用,使与岩溶管道连通的土洞及覆盖层稳定性受到破坏,从而导致地面塌陷的发生;（3） 随着地下水水位的下降,金沙洲一带的软弱淤泥土容易出现排水固结沉降和失托沉降,从而产生地面沉降灾害。      

甘肃岷县马坞金矿地球化学特征、控矿因素分析及找矿潜力

马坞金矿分布于岷-礼成矿带的东部,通过野外地质勘查和1/万土壤地球化学测量,获得了丰富的矿体地质及地球化学测量数据,系统分析了矿床的地球化学特征,围岩蚀变以中-低温热液蚀变为主,蚀变强度与金矿化程度呈正相关,从地质的地层、构造、岩浆岩及地球化学特征方面分析了控矿因素,对找矿潜力进行了分析.