藏南拿日雍错片麻岩穹窿中新世淡色花岗岩的形成过程:变泥质岩部分熔融与分离结晶作用

拿日雍错片麻岩穹窿位于特提斯喜马拉雅带的东部,穹窿边部淡色花岗岩脉形成于21.8±0.3Ma,穹窿核部主体淡色花岗岩的结晶年龄为20.1±0.1Ma,其中1件样品记录了~17.3Ma热液蚀变事件。大部分淡色花岗岩具有以下特征:(1)较高的Si O2(72.9%),Al2O3(14.7%)和A/CNK(1.1),较低的Fe O、Mg O、Mn O和Ti O2;(2)高度变化的大离子亲石元素(如Rb、Sr、Ba)和高场强元素(如Nb、Ta、Hf、Th)和Rb/Sr、Nb/Ta、Zr/Hf比值;(3)富集轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素,Eu和Nd都显示负异常(Eu/Eu*0.7,Nd/Nd*=0.5~0.8);(4)Sr同位素比值变化范围较大(87Sr/86Sr(t)=0.7132~0.7330),但Nd同位素比值一致(εNd(t)=-12.4~-10.9)。这些特征表明:拿日雍错淡色花岗岩形成于20Ma,是变泥质岩部分熔融作用的产物,经历了不同程度的斜长石、锆石、独居石、磷灰石、富Ti矿物等的分离结晶作用。     

Steroid sex hormone dynamics during estradiol-17β induced gonadal differentiation in Paralichthys olivaceus(Teleostei)

Steroid sex hormones,such as estradiol-17β(E2)and testosterone(T),are important regulators of sex change in fish.In this study,we examined the effects of E2 treatment on the dynamics of E2 and T during gonadal differentiation in the olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus using histology and radioimmunoassay(RIA).Flounder larvae were divided into five groups(G0–G4),and fed with 0 (control),0.2,2,20 and 100 mg E2/kg feed from 35 to 110 day post hatching(dph).Fish growth in the G1 and G2 groups was not significantly different from that of the control group(P0.05),while fish in the G3 and G4 groups were less active and showed growth depression and high mortality.The gonads of fish in the G3 and G4 groups were smaller and surrounded by hyperplastic connective tissue.The frequency of females in the G0–G4 groups was 54.5%,75.0%,100%,100%and 93.3%,respectively.The RIA analyses of E2 and T showed that T levels decreased during gonadal differentiation,and increased slightly at the onset of ovarian differentiation,while E2 levels increased gradually and peaked at the onset of ovarian differentiation in the control group.In the E2-treated groups,T levels decreased before the onset of ovarian differentiation.E2 levels were high on the 48 dph,but declined to a lower level on the 54 dph, and then increased gradually during gonadal differentiation.And a sharp increase of E2 levels were observed in all E2-treated groups at the onset of ovarian differentiation.The data suggest that T and E2 play important roles during gonadal differentiation,and an E2 dose of 2 mg/kg feed could induce sex reversal in P.olivaceus.     

Steroid sex hormone dynamics during estradiol-17β induced gonadal differentiation in Paralichthys olivaceus (Teleostei)

Steroid sex hormones, such as estradiol-17β (E2) and testosterone (T), are important regulators of sex change in fish. In this study, we examined the effects of E2 treatment on the dynamics of E2 and T during gonadal differentiation in the olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus using histology and radioimmunoassay (RIA). Flounder larvae were divided into five groups (G0-G4), and fed with 0 (control), 0.2, 2, 20 and 100 mg E2/kg feed from 35 to 110 day post hatching (dph). Fish growth in the G1 and G2 groups was not significantly different from that of the control group (P>0.05), while fish in the G3 and G4 groups were less active and showed growth depression and high mortality. The gonads of fish in the G3 and G4 groups were smaller and surrounded by hyperplastic connective tissue. The frequency of females in the G0-G4 groups was 54.5%, 75.0%, 100%, 100% and 93.3%, respectively. The RIA analyses of E2 and T showed that T levels decreased during gonadal differentiation, and increased slightly at the onset of ovarian differentiation, while E2 levels increased gradually and peaked at the onset of ovarian differentiation in the control group. In the E2-treated groups, T levels decreased before the onset of ovarian differentiation. E2 levels were high on the 48 dph, but declined to a lower level on the 54 dph, and then increased gradually during gonadal differentiation. And a sharp increase of E2 levels were observed in all E2-treated groups at the onset of ovarian differentiation. The data suggest that T and E2 play important roles during gonadal differentiation, and an E2 dose of 2 mg/kg feed could induce sex reversal in P. olivaceus.     

黄河三角洲湿地高光谱遥感研究进展

黄河三角洲湿地是我国暖温带最广阔、最完整、最年轻的滨海湿地,是黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的重要组成部分,具有重要的生态保护和科学研究价值。物种多样、生境复杂、变化剧烈是黄河三角洲湿地的重要特点,高光谱遥感是黄河三角洲湿地生态监测的重要技术手段。本文首先阐述了高光谱遥感在河口湿地开展植被、土壤和水质等基本要素监测方面的优势,之后重点综述了其在黄河三角洲滨海湿地开展植被遥感监测、土壤参数反演和水质参数反演的研究进展,最后基于黄河三角洲湿地生态监测现状,提出了高光谱遥感的未来需求和发展展望。     

基于无人机航摄影像的喀斯特地区裸岩信息提取及景观格局分析

喀斯特地区不同石漠化等级的结构和格局是实现区域石漠化治理的重要基础信息,受技术手段的限制,目前这方面的研究进展仍非常缓慢。随着无人机技术的快速发展,高精度的地表信息获取越来越方便、且成本较低。本研究利用无人机影像,对比了基于像元的非监督和监督分类方法以及面向对象的分类方法在裸岩信息提取中的表现,发现面向对象分类结果具有更高精度。基于获得的裸岩分布信息的研究结果表明：① 岩石平均斑块面积与裸岩率呈负相关的关系,岩石斑块个数与裸岩率呈正相关关系;② 通过对比不同裸岩率（11%、20%、29%和48%）基质的景观斑块指数、景观形状指数和景观破碎度指数对不同裸岩率的景观分布的影响,从而表明了在不同的石漠化地区随着裸岩率的增加,岩石形状指数与岩石破碎度指数均逐渐增加,进而表明石漠化程度越严重;③ 裸岩率不同的地区表现不同的分布形态和斑块特征,裸岩率越高,岩石越破碎,斑块分布较为分散。小尺度斑块景观格局与区域的生态过程有着重要关系,开展小尺度景观格局的研究会深化区域尺度石漠化发展过程的理解。石漠化地区的小尺度斑块景观格局变化影响区域的生态过程,对以后的石漠化过程以及未来石漠化演变的发展有重要的启示作用。     

大菱鲆周期蛋白依赖激酶基因cdk1、cdk6克隆及表达分析

通过同源克隆以及5′/3′RACE的方法扩增得到大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)细胞周期蛋白依赖激酶基因cdk1和cdk6的全长c DNA序列,在m RNA水平上分析了它们组织表达特征,并对比分析了静水压处理对其胚胎期表达的影响。结果显示,cdk1基因全长c DNA序列为1281 bp(Gen Bank登录号:KP339306),编码区为912 bp;cdk6基因c DNA全长1400 bp(Gen Bank登录号:KT186374),编码区长度为978 bp。组织RT-PCR分析表明,cdk1基因表达具有广泛性,在性腺、肾脏等生长发育较快的组织中表达量较高;cdk6基因也在多个组织中表达,在性腺中表达量最高。通过Real time RT-PCR检测基因在胚胎中的表达水平发现,静水压处理组cdk1、cdk6在胚胎发育中,总体变化趋势与对照组类似。大菱鲆胚胎对照组中cdk1在原肠期以前相对神经胚期及以后时期表达量较高,静水压处理组基因表达变化与对照组趋势相同;对照组中cdk6在原肠期出现表达高峰,但静水压处理组在原肠期表达量相对较低。静水压处理对cdk1和cdk6的表达量的影响不同,这可能与基因还有除调控细胞周期的其他功能有关。为解析这两个基因在大菱鲆胚胎发育中的作用及其机制提供了参考。     

基于线粒体控制区序列的黄海日本鳀(Engraulis japonicus)的群体遗传结构*

遗传多样性和群体遗传结构是研究群体动态变化的重要内容, 也是种质资源评估与保护的基础。日本鳀(Engraulis japonicus)是我国东部近海的重要鱼种, 具有重要的生态价值和经济价值。文章利用线粒体控制区全序列分析了黄海海域4个地理群体(北黄海北部、北黄海南部、南黄海北部和南黄海中部)日本鳀的遗传多样性、种群遗传结构和历史动态变化。结果显示, 131个样品检测到了126个单倍型, 且4个群体的单倍型多样性均很高, 其中北黄海南部群体的最低(0.995±0.009), 南黄海中部群体的最高(1.000±0.014)。而核苷酸多样性均较低, 为0.010±0.005 ~ 0.011±0.006。主成分判别分析(DAPC)和遗传分化系数F_st表明4个群体无明显的群体分化现象, 群体间的遗传同质性水平高, 分子方差分析(AMOVA)也显示分子变异基本来自于群体内, 并且没有明显的群体遗传结构。贝叶斯系统发育树分析发现, 黄海日本鳀有2个谱系, 谱系1和谱系2的分化时间为0.701Ma前, 可以追溯到更新世期间; 进一步中性检验和核苷酸错配分布分析表明这2个谱系可能发生过群体扩张。贝叶斯天际线图则显示黄海鳀鱼的有效群体数量在0.150Ma前发生了明显的下降。     

基于遥感的宁夏地区高温热浪风险评估

高温热浪灾害风险信息对全球气候变暖及快速城市化条件下的防控极端灾害事件具有重要的参考价值.为了解决高温热浪危险性因子评估不全面的问题,基于多源卫星遥感数据和社会经济统计数据,在结合地表温度和气象数据作为高温危险性因子的基础上,通过层次分析法和图层叠置法评估模型计算得到2014—2019年7—8月宁夏高温热浪风险等级空间...     

滇东北矿集区云南富乐厂铅锌矿区断裂构造控矿特征及其与成矿的关系

云南富乐厂铅锌矿床是滇东北矿集区东南部的典型矿床之一。在矿区进行大比例尺构造填图的基础上,运用构造成矿动力学的理论和方法,筛选典型断裂构造进行力学性质的鉴定,对不同期次、不同方向的断裂特征进行了系统阐述,初步划分了构造期次,总结了构造体系。认为该区断裂经历了晋宁期-澄江期近东西向的挤压作用,印支期-燕山早期北西-南东向挤压作用及后期燕山中晚期-喜马拉雅期的北东-南西向挤压作用的过程。晋宁-澄江期构造作用为该区成矿提供了有利的地质背景,印支期-燕山早期为该矿成矿主期,北东向压扭性断裂和北西向的扭张性断裂使得流体充填、富集成矿;后期近东西向的扭性断裂为破矿构造。通过矿区构造与成矿关系的研究,为隐伏矿预测与深部勘查提供了依据。