北京1841年以来均一化最高和最低气温日值序列的构建

长期连续的日值观测资料是研究百年来极端气候事件及其变化特征的重要基础支撑.目前中外由于缺乏可靠的逐日百年尺度气候资料,使得20世纪50年代以前的极端气候变化规律仍然没有得到很好的认识.基于国家气象信息中心收集整理的日最高和最低气温观测资料,构建北京1841—2019年气温日值序列.首先,通过数据质量控制剔除原始基础资料...     

背景气候和城市化对中国东南部增温的联合效应(英文)

Based on China homogenized land surface air temperature and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Department of Energy (NCEP/DOE) Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP)-Ⅱ Reanalysis data (R-2), the main contributors to surface air temperature increase in Southeast China were investigated by comparing trends of urban and rural temperature series, as well as observed and R-2 data, covering two periods of 1954-2005 and 1979-2005. Results from urban-rural comparison indicate that urban heat island (UHI) effects on regional annual and autumn minimum temperature increases account for 10.5% and 12.0% since 1954, but with smaller warming attribution of 6.2% and 10.6% since 1979. The results by comparing observations with R-2 surface temperature data suggest that land use change accounts for 32.9% and 28.8% in regional annual and autumn minimum temperature increases since 1979. Accordingly, the influence of land use change on regional temperature increase in Southeast China is much more noticeable during the last 30 years. However, it indicates that UHI effect, overwhelmed by the warming change of background climate, does not play a significant role in regional warming over Southeast China during the last 50 years.     

钻杆转动过程的ADAMS动力学仿真

钻杆转动时要受到多种载荷的作用,其动力学行为比较复杂。应用ANSYS软件和ADAMS软件对钻杆在井孔中的转动状态进行了动力学仿真。结果表明:钻杆在稳定转动过程中,只与井壁的特定位置发生接触;提高转速,钻杆与井壁的接触频率增加,但接触力却未增加;在一定范围内改变钻压,只会影响钻杆的初始转动行为,不会改变转动的基本特征。本方法在研究定向井、大位移井等方面也有参考价值。     

2008年初广西异常低温雨雪冰冻天气影响因子分析

2008年1月12日至2月20日,广西出现了1951年以来持续时间最长,平均气温最低的低温雨雪冰冻灾害天气过程,过程气温偏低程度达到了异常偏低的标准。利用数理统计、对比分析方法对广西历史上同期6次严重低温过程与2008年低温雨雪过程环流形势和主要影响因子进行了分析,并对相关性显著的4种环流指数进行了经验模态分析。结果表明:北半球500 hPa环流为偶极型,欧亚大陆中高纬度和北太平洋地区为持续稳定的高压脊,同时巴尔喀什湖以南的青藏高原地区及孟加拉湾地区为持续稳定的低压槽,这种"北脊南槽"分布形势是造成广西异常低温过程的主要环流背景;蒙古低槽、孟加拉湾低槽、东北太平洋阻高持续偏强,及副高西伸脊点位于南海至菲律宾一带海面的日数偏多是2008年初广西异常低温雨雪天气过程的主要影响因子,它们组合异常,导致了广西异常低温雨雪天气的发生。     

1998年副热带高压活动与波包传播特征的研究

利用1998年5—8月NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,采用波包传播的诊断方法(WPD),讨论了1998年夏季副高活动特征与500 hPa高度场瞬变波波包传播的关系,结果表明,运用瞬变波波包传播的方法来研究副高的中短期活动是基本可行的。1998年5—8月瞬变波波包大值区的向北发展和向南发展可以描述出副高脊线的南北摆动,波包小值区的向西传播和向东传播能够表示出副高脊线的西进和东退;1998年夏季副高的北跳不仅与低纬地区的波包强烈发展北传有关,同时也与中纬度西风槽槽前波包向北、向东传播或西风槽脊前波包的向南传播有关。副高脊线的南退主要与中纬度西风槽槽前的波包向南传播及其频散有关。     

克孜尔水库上游流域蓄水前后降水变化特征

分析拜城气象站1959-2006年降水资料发现,降水量以15．7mm／10a速率增加,新疆克孜尔水库1991年水库建成蓄水后其上游流域的年降水、主汛期降水、冬季降水和夏季降水均显著增加,雨日及中雨以上日数、年最大连续降水日数和年过程最大降水量也呈显著的线性增加趋势,过程最大降水量、日最大降水量、雨日平均降水强度等均增加,而年最大连续无降水日数呈显著的线性下降趋势。上述降水特征量的变化对流域水资源的合理利用、水库科学调度安全运行等提出了新的挑战。     

浅析国家湿地公园建设中存在的问题与建议

以国家湿地公园为对象,在分析其发展现状和分布现状的基础上,结合湿地公园的实际情况,系统梳理湿地公园建设中存在的问题,从湿地管理、科研监测、科普宣教、合理利用及可持续发展等方面提出相应的对策和措施,以便为国家湿地公园建设和可持续发展提供有价值的参考。     

Annual cycle and interannual variability in the tropical pacific as simulated by three versions of FGOALS

The seasonal cycle and interannual variability in the tropical oceans simulated by three versions of the Flexible Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System (FGOALS) model (FGOALS-g1.0, FGOALS-g2 and FGOALSs2), which have participated in phases 3 and 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3 and CMIP5), are presented in this paper. The seasonal cycle of SST in the tropical Pacific is realistically reproduced by FGOALS-g2 and FGOALSs2, while it is poorly simulated in FGOALS-g1.0. Three feedback mechanisms responsible for the SST annual cycle in the eastern Pacific are evaluated. The ocean-atmosphere dynamic feedback, which is successfully reproduced by both FGOALS-g2 and FGOALS-s2, plays a key role in determining the SST annual cycle, while the overestimated stratus cloud-SST feedback amplifies the annual cycle in FGOALS-s2. Because of the serious warm bias existing in FGOALS-g1.0, the ocean-atmosphere dynamic feedback is greatly underestimated in FGOALS-g1.0, in which the SST annual cycle is mainly driven by surface solar radiation. FGOALS-g1.0 simulates much stronger ENSO events than observed, whereas FGOALS-g2 and FGOALSs2 successfully simulate the observed ENSO amplitude and period and positive asymmetry, but with less strength. Further ENSO feedback analyses suggest that surface solar radiation feedback is principally responsible for the overestimated ENSO amplitude in FGOALS-g1.0. Both FGOALS-g1.0 and FGOALS-s2 can simulate two different types of El Ni-no events — with maximum SST anomalies in the eastern Pacific (EP) or in the central Pacific (CP) — but FGOALS-g2 is only able to simulate EP El Ni-no, because the negative cloud shortwave forcing feedback by FGOALS-g2 is much stronger than observed in the central Pacific.     

湖泊相沉积地层大陆环境科学钻探技术探索

通过对云南鹤庆县湖泊相沉积地层环境钻探工程施工,总结出一套适合于湖泊相沉积地层的环境钻探技术。