黄淮海流域及南水北调中线东线受水区工业节水分析

南水北调供水的重点是城市,而城市用水最大的是工业,受水区工业用水占城市总用水的65.6%.遵照朱镕基总理关于南水北调工程“先节水后调水”的指示,开展受水区工业节水的分析工作意义重大。重点对黄淮海流域以及南水北调中、东线工程受水区的工业用水、节水现状、节水潜力及节水投资与效益等进行了分析。得出了区域工业节水在全国处在相对较高水平,工业节水的重点在现有工业及乡镇工业,但节水不能完全解决工业用水增长需求等结论。     

西北内陆河流域水资源特点初析

依据西北各省 (自治区)的有关资料,对西北内陆河流域的水资源特点进行了综合分析,提出了西北内陆河流域水资源的四大特点:①内陆河流域径流主要形成于山区,散失于山前平原盆地,径流的补给源主要是降水、冰雪与地下水;②冰雪资源对内陆河地表水资源有较大的调节作用;③降水、地表水与地下水转化关系特征明显;④内陆河区水平衡状态,易受人类活动影响等。     

PRIMARY ANALYSIS OF DROUGHT AND WATERLOGGING LAW IN NORTH CHINA

According to the drought and waterlogging disaster statistics over the last 30 years (1950-1979), the annual average area suffering from drought was about 300 million mu (1 mu= 1/ 15 ha) in the whole country, among which about 100 million mu were disastrous areas where the output reduced more than 30%. and the annual lost grains totalled about 5 billion kg. The waterlogging disaster was less than drought disaster. The area suffering from waterlogging was about 100 million mu, among which 60 million mu were disastrous. Drought and waterlogging disasters affect directly the development of the national economy. So it is important to study drought and waterlogging variations, especially the drought and waterlogging variation laws of the areas where the disasters frequently occur.The historical literatures and recent observation data reveal the fact that there existed drought and waterlogging variations. For example, the occurrence frequency of the outstanding and severe drought years in north China is highe