Fast adsorption of microcystin-LR by Fe(Ⅲ)-modified powdered activated carbon

Microcystins(MCs) are cyclic hepatotoxic peptides produced by the bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis and present a public health hazard to humans and livestock. The removal of MCs from contaminated water with powdered activated carbon(PAC) has been employed as a simple and economic treatment strategy. In this study, PAC-Fe(Ⅲ) was prepared and utilized for the fast and efficient removal of MCs from water. PAC-Fe(Ⅲ) exhibited superior microcystin-LR(MC-LR) removal capacity and efficiency compared to the unmodified PAC. The MC-LR removal efficiency of PAC-Fe(Ⅲ) increased with decreasing p H within the pH range of 4.3 to 9.6. PAC-Fe(Ⅲ) could be reused for 3 times by methanol elution while the MC-LR removal efficiency was still over 70 percent. The removal efficiency was positively correlated to the ionic strength of water and negatively correlated to alkalinity. Natural organic matter(NOM) such as humic acid(HA) and salicylic acid(SA) generated low interference with MC-LR adsorption by PAC-Fe(Ⅲ). The complexation reaction between Fe~(3+) in PAC-Fe(Ⅲ) and the functional groups of MCLR was suggested as the key mechanism of MC-LR removal by PAC-Fe(Ⅲ). The results suggest that Femodified PAC is a promising material for the treatment of MC-contaminated waters.     

Assessment of different mcy genes for detecting the toxic to non-toxic Microcystis ratio in the field by multiplex qPCR

Harmful cyanobacterial blooms, especially Microcystis blooms, occur worldwide and draw widespread attention. The dynamics of microcystin-producing Microcystis and competition between microcystin-producing Microcystis and non-microcystin-producing Microcystis are key to predicting and treating Microcystis blooms. Multiplex qPCR is a useful tool to assess such issues. In this study, we developed multiplex qPCR methods with newly-designed probes and primers for the microcystin-synthesis related genes mcyA and mcyE. We used seven toxic Microcystis strains and four non-toxic Microcystis strains to compare the differences in the ratios of toxic and non-toxic Microcystis in mixed cultures, which were calculated using abundances of the genes mcyA, mcyB, mcyD, mcy E and phycocyanin( PC). We also compared traditional cell counting and multiplex qPCR. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis indicated that mcyD was the most suitable mcy gene for quantification in laboratory experiments. mcyB abundances were always higher; we suggest that the amount of toxic Microcystis measured using mcyB might overestimate the actual percentages.     

泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)重组铁蛋白富集锰铁后的磁学性质解析

利用埋栖性双壳类生物泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)重组铁蛋白富集锰铁的性质,在不同锰铁浓度下制备Fe-铁蛋白和Mn-铁蛋白磁性纳米颗粒,通过扫描电镜观察高、中和低三个浓度下制备Fe-铁蛋白和Mn-铁蛋白磁性纳米颗粒的表面形貌,通过PPMS综合物性测量系统测定Fe-铁蛋白和Mn-铁蛋白磁性纳米颗粒的磁学性质。结果显示,在低浓度(0.1mmol/L)锰铁制备的Fe-铁蛋白和Mn-铁蛋白磁性纳米颗粒粒径均一,分散性好;发现Fe-铁蛋白和Mn-铁蛋白的磁滞回线均表现为超顺磁性,且随着重组铁蛋白对锰铁富集量的增加,磁性强度随之增大,增加速率逐渐减小。通过本实验探索高、中和低三个浓度下制备Fe-铁蛋白和Mn-铁蛋白磁性纳米颗粒的磁化强度变化规律,为Fe-铁蛋白和Mn-铁蛋白磁性纳米颗粒的应用提供数据支持。     

近百年来长江河口航道拦门沙的形态演变(英文)

The mouth bar in the Yangtze estuarine waterways has a significant influence on navigational transport within the estuary,flood discharge and construction of the Shanghai Port.In this paper the morphological evolution and mechanisms of mouth bar formation of the Yangtze estuarine waterways are studied by analyzing hundreds of years of historical data and the latest profile maps of some or the main mouth bar channels in the Yangtze Estuary.The results are shown as follows:The mouth bars in the North Branch have moved gradually from outside the mouth to the inside and formed a huge sand bar.In the North Channel,the head of the mouth bar has migrated about 30 kilometers downstream,and a channel bar has been developing since 2001.Two mouth bar tops,which always existed in the North Passage,disappeared in 2010.The head of the mouth bar in the South Passage has migrated downstream about 14 km and the number of tops increased at first but is reduced to only one now.According to the results,we can conclude that the evolution of the mouth bars differs depending on their location.In the North Branch it is directly related to large-scale reclamation in Chongming Island,but in the North Passage it has a close relationship with regulation of the Yangtze Estuary Deepwater Channel.However,the evolution of mouth bars in the North Channel and South Passage is not only connected with the Yangtze Estuary Deepwater Channel Regulation Project,but also with the reclamation in the East Hengsha Shoal and the closure of the Qingcaosha Reservoir.     

基于快速数字锁相的溶解氧检测优化设计

溶解氧浓度检测在水产养殖和环境监测中具有重要的意义。本文提出了一种基于快速数字锁相的溶解氧检测优化设计,利用快速数字锁相算法与过采样技术,实现了荧光信号和调制信号的快速相位解调,并得到二者相位差,根据Stern-Volmer方程求出溶解氧浓度值。本文分析了调制频率对测量结果的影响,选择合适的调制频率用于测量,并利用最小二乘法对测量结果进行拟合,拟合后的确定系数R-square为0.999 25。实验数据表明,测量结果相对误差（RE）小于±1.5%,相对标准差（RSD）小于4%,稳定时间小于50 s。本文提出的优化设计不仅具有较高的测量精度,还简化了硬件设计,降低了成本。     

基于地貌分区的陕西省区域生态风险时空演变

论文采用“概率—损失”二维风险模型解构陕西省区域生态风险,基于地貌分区视角识别多源风险类型的同时以景观格局与生态系统服务价值为关联要素合成潜在生态损失,在此基础上分析了陕西省2000—2015年单一风险要素及区域生态风险的时空分异,并基于地貌分区视角结合重心模型探讨了生态风险的时空迁移。结果如下：① 2000、2015年陕西省多源危险度分别为0.3837、0.4558,上升18.79%,大致呈现南北高、中间低的空间格局,沿南北轴线呈现“W型”展布;潜在生态损失分别为0.5537、0.6270,上升13.24%,除高原南部与秦岭东部山区外,生态损失均呈现高值;区域生态风险分别为0.2429、0.2865,上升17.95%,空间上呈现“三高夹两低”的分布格局。② 从时序变化来看,秦巴山地保持较低风险且风险变化率较小;黄土高原与风沙过渡区变化率处于中等,后者面临较高风险;汉江盆地风险最高,该区域与关中平原分别为风险变化率的首位与次位。从生态风险重心变化趋势看,黄土高原与风沙过渡区重心均向西南移动,关中平原与秦岭山地重心东移趋势明显,汉江盆地与大巴山地重心跃向东南。     

五指山形变台定点形变观测资料内在精度分析

本文对2016年1月—2021年12月连续6年五指山形变台定点形变观测资料内在精度进行统计分析,台站水管倾斜仪和铟瓦棒伸缩仪内在精度质量较好;宽频带倾斜仪两个分量内在精度年均达到优秀指标的概率仅50%,且自2020年1月出现观测数据内在精度质量持续下降,导致观测资料质量不高。提高数据内在高质量的重要条件是确保观测数据的连续率,因此,提升台站人员业务水平和保证必要的备机备件是当务之急。     

1970-2019年黄浦江上游年最高潮位变化及驱动因子

黄浦江年最高潮位变化关系到上海市的防洪安全。本文基于米市渡站1970-2019年年最高潮位及太湖流域降水量等数据,研究了近50年来黄浦江上游年最高潮位的变化趋势、变异特性、发生频率变化和潮位变化的驱动因子。结果表明：年最高潮位在1970-2019年总体呈显著上升趋势,上升幅度为81 cm,年均上升1.62 cm。1995年之后出现跳跃式的波动上升,1996-2002年相对1995年之前出现较大幅度上升,2003-2011年相比1996-2002年出现较明显下降,之后又较大幅度上升。随着潮位升高,各频率对应的最高潮位均大幅度增加,升高幅度均达0.9 m以上,五十年一遇、百年一遇、千年一遇高潮位分别由1970年条件下的3.77 m、3.81 m、3.94 m升高到2019年条件下的4.71 m、4.75 m、4.92 m。与此同时,相同潮位下的重现期急剧减小,高潮位发生频率大幅度增加。分析认为,黄浦江上游年最高潮位升高受气候变化和人类活动的综合影响,1970-1995年主要受降水量变化等气候因素的影响,1996-2019年主要受水利工程、台风频率增加等因素的影响,尤其是太湖流域太浦河等工程...     

基于VGPM模型的广西北部湾近岸海洋初级生产力估算

以北部湾近岸海域为研究对象,基于海洋水质监测数据与海洋初级生产力实测数据,对VGPM模型各参数分别进行校正,评估校正后的模型估算精度.结果表明:通过参数校正能够有效减小初级生产力计算误差.根据校正模型计算可得,2018年北部湾近岸海洋初级生产力变化范围为101.27～2 161.75 mgC/(m2·d),北部湾近岸海...     

长江口南支-南港沙波的稳定域

1997年枯季和1998年特大洪水后期,在长江口南支一南港用直读式海流计和Endeco／YSI Inc．174SSM流速仪定点测量近底和表层流速大小和方向,并采集床面泥沙样品经室内分析得到底沙粒径,用声学测深仪和Ultra Electronics旁侧声纳仪走航测量床面形态。结果表明：1)枯、洪季时落潮流近底和表层流速比涨潮流流速大,落潮流周期比涨潮流周期长,且洪季落潮流表层流速大于枯季时,洪季落潮流周期比枯季时长;2)床面泥沙枯季时为粗粉砂至极细砂,而洪季时为极细砂至细砂;3)枯、洪季床面上的沙波形态受落潮流控制,波高与波长之比值以及背流面坡度较小,洪季时沙波波高比枯季时高,波长比枯季时长。显然,长江口南支-南港落、涨潮流和床面泥沙粒径及沙波形态的特征均与季节性变化的径流有关。此外,在Van den Berg and Van Gelder(1993)底形稳定相图中,作者提出了一个新的沙纹与沙波间的转化边界。