近55年广州霜冻的年际和年代际变化特征

采用趋势分析、小波分析等统计方法,分析1951～2005年广州霜冻天气的年际和年代际变化,并对异常年景的500hPa环流场进行合成分析。结果表明,1980年代至今广州霜冻天气呈锐减趋势,初霜日略有推迟,终霜日提前,霜期明显缩短;近55年来广州霜冻天气具有准2～3年的年际和准13年的年代际变化周期。巴尔喀什湖-贝加尔湖附近的位势高度偏高(低)、东亚大槽较深(浅)、有(不)利于引导冷空气南下,导致广州的霜冻天气偏多(少)。     

用500hPa环流相似作广东月、季要素预报

本文用500hPa月平均环流场及500hPa合成平均环流场为基本资料，用前期特征月、季的500hPa高度场进行相似定量计算，从中找出最相似的年份个例作出月、季要素预报，该方法在广东短期气候预测业务工作中有一定的参考价值。     

南海夏季风爆发日期与海温的多尺度关系及最优子集回归预测

采用小波变换,Lanczos时间滤波器,相关分析研究了南海夏季风爆发日期的多尺度特征及与海温场的关系,并研制了南海夏季风爆发日期的短期气候预测新方法——多尺度最优子集回归预测方法.结果表明,1958-2008年南海夏季风爆发的平均日期为5月18日,标准差约10 d,具有弱的偏早爆发趋势,存在15.4a的年代际变化和5....     

2008年广东强龙舟水与准10天振荡

采用小波分析、相关分析、Lanczos时间滤波器等方法分析了2008年广东强龙舟水与大气低频振荡的关系.结果表明,强龙舟水期间广东逐日降水存在显著的准7～12天周期振荡即准10天振荡,广东上空的逐日500 hPa高度场存在显著的8～13天周期振荡、南海北部平均的逐日850 hPa纬向风场存在显著的准12天周期振荡.广东...     

0707号强热带风暴登陆前后引发雷州地区强降水的成因分析

通过应用卫星云图、OLR日平均场、环境场、比湿场、散度场、K指数等资料对0707号“帕布”引起的强降水进行诊断分析,同时把登陆湛江（9615号）、珠江口附近（7908号、0313号）的台风与之进行对比分析,结果表明：越赤道气流和西南季风的增强促使赤道辐合带加强,为“帕布”强降水的维持提供了水汽和热量条件;双台风和环境场的作用使“帕布”在粤西沿海停留时间较长,使强降水的累积雨量增大;低层辐合、高层辐散的配置有利于雷州半岛附近水汽的辐合,雷州半岛附近K指数在35～38之间和垂直纬向风弱切变表明空气不稳定度大有利于水汽上升,使得“帕布”给雷州以南地区带来强降水,另外,对湛江地区4—9月逐日降水作小波分析后得出了暴雨期存在明显的20 d周期的低频振荡特征。     

南海西南季风异常与广东省汛期重要天气的关系

南海西南季风的活动直接影响广东省前、后汛期重要天气的异常,因此深入探索南海西南季风的活动规律及其与广东省各种重大天气异常的关系十分必要.利用合成分析和相关统计方法,探讨和分析了南海西南季风建立早晚、强弱与广东省前、后汛期降水量趋势,初、终台的早晚及登陆广东省的热带气旋个数等重要天气的关系.指出南海西南季风爆发早的年份,前汛期雨量以正常偏少为主、后汛期雨量以偏多为主、登陆广东热带气旋偏多;南海西南季风偏强的年份,后汛期雨量以偏多为主,登陆广东热带气旋以正常偏多为主.还分析了4～6月、7～9月以及前冬(12～2月)的海温场、500 hPa高度场与西南季风建立早晚、强弱的关系,初步探索了西南季风建立的早晚、强弱与广东省汛期重要天气气候异常的关系的一些机理,其结果可供短期气候业务预测参考.     

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOUTH CHINA SEA SOUTHWEST MONSOON ANOMALIES AND IMPORTANT WEATHER IN GUANGDONG PROVINCE DURING THE RAINING SEASONS

The activity of South China Sea southwest monsoon (SCSSM) has direct impacts on the anomalies of important weather in Guangdong province during the raining seasons. So it is necessary to explore thoroughly the activity pattern of SCSSM and its relationship with important weather anomalies in the province. In this paper, the methods of composite analysis and correlation statistics are used to study the relationship between the onset date and intensity of SCSSM and the important weather, such as precipitation trends in Guangdong province during the annually first and second raining seasons, the timing of the annually first and last typhoon and the number of typhoons landing in Guangdong province. The results show that the rainfall is less than normal during the first raining season, but more than normal during the second one and there are more tropical cyclones landing in Guangdong province in the years of early SCSSM onset. The rainfall is more than normal during the second raining season and there are more tropical cyclones landing in Guangdong province in the years of strong SCSSM. The relationship between the SST of April - June, July - September and previous winter (December - February) and 500 hPa geopotential height and the onset date and intensity of SCSSM is analyzed. Some mechanisms between the onset dates and intensity of SCSSM and the important weather anomalies in Guangdong province are preliminarily explored. The results can be used for reference in short-term climate forecast.     

THE VARIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS AND PREDICTION OF GUANGDONG POWER LOAD DURING 2002 – 2004

The variability characteristics of Guangdong daily power load from 2002 to 2004 and its connection to meteorological variables are analyzed with wavelet analysis and correlation analysis. Prediction equations are established using optimization subset regression. The results show that a linear increasing trend is very significant and seasonal change is obvious. The power load exhibits significant quasi-weekly (5 – 7 days) oscillation, quasi-by-weekly (10 – 20 days) oscillation and intraseasonal (30 – 60 days) oscillation. These oscillations are caused by atmospheric low frequency oscillation and public holidays. The variation of Guangdong daily power load is obviously in decrease on Sundays, shaping like a funnel during Chinese New Year in particular. The minimum is found at the first and second day and the power load gradually increases to normal level after the third day during the long vacation of Labor Day and National Day. Guangdong power load is the most sensitive to temperature, which is the main affecting factor, as in other areas in China. The power load also has relationship with other meteorological elements to some extent during different seasons. The maximum of power load in summer, minimum during Chinese New Year and variation during Labor Day and National Day are well fitted and predicted using the equation established by optimization subset regression and accounting for the effect of workdays and holidays.     

广东省24～144小时降水概率回归预报

本文利用欧洲中心10年（1980-1989年）物理量资料，建立了广东省86站1-12月的晴、雨及有无大于25mm降水完全概率回归预报方程，并利用T106逐日要素场预报资料，作24-144小时逐日滚动降水概率回归预报，并逐日上网做指导预报，供广东省各台站调用。     

东亚夏季风强度的多尺度统计预测模型

东亚夏季风强度的变化与中国雨带和旱涝分布密切相关。为了做好东亚夏季风强度的短期气候预测,采用小波分析、Lanczos滤波器、交叉检验等方法,研究了东亚夏季风强度的多尺度变化特征,在年际与年代际尺度上分别寻找了它在前冬海温场、200 hPa纬向风场上的前兆信号,并利用最优子集回归建立了东亚夏季风强度的多尺度统计物理预测模型。结果表明:东亚夏季风强度存在准4年、准13年和准43年的周期振荡。年际尺度上,前冬赤道东太平洋(10°N~10°S,160°W~80°W)海温与东亚夏季风强度有最强的显著负相关,且它与东亚夏季风强度在200 hPa纬向风场上的前兆信号有较强的负相关;年代际尺度上,南半球60°S与35°S附近200 hPa纬向风之差与东亚夏季风强度有最强的显著正相关,且它与东亚夏季风强度在热带印度洋、低纬度东南太平洋、低纬度南大西洋的海温及亚洲副热带200 hPa纬向风等前兆信号有强的正相关。通过探讨这两个前兆因子对东亚夏季风强度的预测意义,揭示了他们影响东亚夏季风强度年际和年代际变化的可能物理过程。所建立的东亚夏季风强度多尺度最优子集回归预测模型,不仅对东亚夏季风强度的年际变化具有较好的预测能力,而且对异常极值年份也具有一定的预测能力。