土地利用动态遥感监测的误差分析

对土地利用动态遥感监测作业流程与误差来源进行了分析与总结 ,并对图斑面积误差的分布规律进行了探讨 ,通过对遥感监测图斑的三个试验 ,得出变化图斑面积误差服从正态分布 ,即误差均为偶然误差 ,不含有系统误差。本文的分析对今后进一步研究遥感监测误差的性质 ,提高遥感监测精度奠定了基础 ,为遥感监测结果的精度评价提供了理论依据。     

复合锤在砾石层沉管灌注桩施工中的应用

为解决安徽省歙县金马集团城东开发区桩基础施工的难题，设计改装了一套复合锤施工工艺，取得了较好的效果，并介绍了该区的地质情况，复合锤结构，施工中的注意事项。     

苏北牛山片麻状A型花岗岩及其成因

苏北牛山片麻状花岗岩形成于震旦期,富含碱性长石,普遍含有碱性镁铁矿物,具有高硅、富碱、低铝、贫水,富含Ｎｂ、Ｚｒ、Ｙ、Ｇａ、ＲＥＥ及Ｅｕ明显亏损等特征,为Ａ型花岗岩。其Ｙ／Ｎｂ、Ｙｂ／Ｔａ、Ｃｅ／Ｎｂ等比值较高,Ｇａ×１０４／Ａｌ和碱度较低,属Ａ２亚型花岗岩。它是苏胶造山带在晋宁期碰撞造山后的拉张环境下,由地幔热流上涌,致使下地壳岩石部分熔融,产生的岩浆于中地壳侵位而形成。     

海洋测绘地理空间数据模型(S-100)综述

为全面了解当前海洋测绘地理信息空间数据模型的发展现状、存在问题和下一步研究重点,对海洋测绘地理信息空间数据模型展开了研究。通过搜集、整理当前与海洋测绘地理信息空间数据模型相关的国内外研究文献和技术材料,按照时间序列将研究划分为3个阶段。对理论性研究阶段和应用性研究阶段的研究成果进行了阐述和分析,提出了创新性研究阶段的7个重点研究方向。     

Carbon biomass,production rates and export flux of copepods fecal pellets in the Changjiang(Yangtze) River estuary

Copepod fecal pellets are ubiquitous throughout the oceans. Their production and export can represent a highly efficient pathway of carbon export. However, the role these fecal pellets play in carbon export in the Changjiang(Yangtze) River estuary is not well known. Two cruises were carried out in the Changjiang estuary in the spring and summer of 2013, during which time carbon biomass, production, and export of copepod fecal pellets were studied. Spring and summer fecal pellet carbon biomass ranged 0.30–1.01 mg C/m~3(mean=0.56±0.20 mg C/m~3) and 0.31–1.18 mg C/m~3(mean=0.64±0.24 mg C/m~3), respectively, significantly lower than phytoplankton. At most stations, fecal pellet carbon biomass was higher in surface or subsurface layers than deeper layers. Production rates ranged 0.65–1.49 pellets/(ind.?h)(mean=1.02±0.27 pellets/(ind.?h)) in spring and 0.62–1.34 pellets/(ind.?h)(mean=0.98±0.22 pellets/(ind.?h)) in summer, within the range reported in previous studies. Higher production rates of fecal pellets occurred at stations with higher chlorophyll a concentrations, and production rates of copepods of size 500–1 000 μm greater than copepods 1 000 μm during both cruises. The potential export flux of fecal pellets was slightly higher in summer(mean=68.95±14.37 mg C/(m~2 ?d)) than spring(mean=52.08±11.33 mg C/(m~2 ?d)) owing to higher summer copepod abundances. To our knowledge, this study is the first of its kind in the Changjiang estuary, and it confirms the significant role of copepod fecal pellets in local carbon export.     

Seasonal phenology of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans(Macartney) in Jiaozhou Bay and adjacent coastal Yellow Sea,China

Seasonal variations in numerical abundance, cell diameter and population carbon biomass of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans were studied for 10 years from 2004 to 2013 in Jiaozhou Bay and adjacent coastal Yellow Sea, China, and their ecological functions were evaluated. In both areas, N. scintillans occurred throughout the year and demonstrated an essentially similar seasonality; the cell abundance increased rapidly from the winter minimum to an annual peak in late spring and early summer, and decreased gradually toward the autumn-winter minimum. The peak abundance differed by years, and there was no consistent trend in long-term numerical variations. The cell diameter also showed a seasonal fluctuation, being larger in spring and early summer than the other seasons. Estimated carbon biomass of N. scintillans population reached to a peak as high as 90.3 mg C/m~3, and occasionally exceed over phytoplankton and copepod biomass. Our results demonstrate that N. scintillans in northwestern Yellow Sea displays the seasonal phenology almost identical to the populations in other temperate regions, and play important trophic roles as a heterotroph to interact with sympatric phytoplankton and copepods.     

三沙永乐龙洞洞内侧壁礁体矿物和元素组成及其晚更新世以来的形成演化

三沙永乐龙洞深度在300m左右,是目前全球已知最深的海洋蓝洞,但是对其性质和成因了解极其有限。本研究使用X射线粉晶衍射仪、X射线荧光光谱仪、AMS14C测年等分析测试方法对采自不同深度的洞壁礁体的矿物物相、元素含量和形成年代进行了测定,探讨了洞壁性质和龙洞的演化。研究结果表明:三沙永乐龙洞洞内侧壁矿物均属于碳酸盐矿物,包括文石、高镁方解石和低镁方解石,平均含量分别为49.0%、46.6%、14.3%,它们主要来自钙质生物碎屑;洞内侧壁的主要元素是Ca、Mg、Sr,平均含量分别为36.8%、0.98%、0.48%。三沙永乐龙洞是一个复合体,17m以上岩石年龄晚于7.5cal kaBP,是全新世海平面上升时期形成的现代珊瑚礁体,没有经历过海平面下降引起的成岩作用; 17—35m岩石形成时代早于25cal ka BP,是经历了大气淡水成岩作用的晚更新世喀斯特溶洞,且在高海平面时期于17—23m以浅的空间内广泛发育洞内珊瑚礁。     

论土地利用转型潜力及其评价的理论框架

积极推进土地利用转型潜力及其评价研究,是丰富和完善土地利用转型理论的重要途径。通过拓展土地利用潜力概念,对土地利用转型潜力定义、内涵、形成机制与评价的理论框架进行了探讨。研究认为,① 作为土地利用及LUCC的结果,土地利用转型具有土地利用形态“变化”和“可调控”的重要特征,这是土地利用转型潜力形成与释放的前提;② 土地利用转型潜力是指为适应区域发展综合需求,通过采用相应技术、政策等手段,在特定转型阶段所能实现最优土地利用形态与土地利用形态现状的差异;③ 土地利用转型潜力以基于“强效”“快速”政策调整及工程技术措施的土地利用形态调整和基于“自发土地利用”的土地利用转型引导为形成机制;④ 应以系统论和动态视角为基础,通过分析土地利用转型过程与机理,构建基于土地利用转型情景模拟的土地利用转型潜力评价理论框架。研究取得的成果和结论具备进一步激发土地利用转型理论研究及其在土地管理决策等方面积极作用的价值。     

东太平洋海隆近赤道区玄武岩岩石地球化学与地幔源区特征

本文对东太平洋海隆赤道地区北部和南部的9件玄武岩样品进行了详细的岩相学和主量、微量元素及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素分析研究,结果表明:MgO含量为7.32%~10.22%,Na_2O为3.03%~3.59%,K_2O为0.23%~0.57%,CaO为10.96%~12.39%,Al_2O_3为11.40%~13.76%,该区玄武岩均属于亚碱性玄武岩,具有MORB型的稀土及微量元素特点,原始岩浆均经历了橄榄石和斜长石的分离结晶。轻重稀土元素含量均较低,LREE/HREE比值为0.61~0.97,(La/Yb)N比值为0.72~1.76,(La/Sm)N比值为0.60~1.30,(Gd/Yb)N为0.99~1.16。Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征更接近NMORB,其中,87Sr/86Sr和143 Nd/144 Nd比值更接近DM源区,而Pb的三种同位素比值要明显高于DM源区,更为接近EM源区。研究表明岩浆起源于尖晶石橄榄岩区,来源于较为亏损的地幔,NEPR玄武岩可能混有HIMU源区,SEPR玄武岩除了混合有HIMU成分外,可能还有少量的EMⅡ成分。     

东地中海原型盆地演化

东地中海经历了伸展-聚敛的构造演化旋回,聚集了丰富的油气资源。基于2D地震、ODP Leg160、IHS及Tellus商业数据库和公开发表的文献资料,本文在建立东地中海及周缘构造-地层格架的基础上,恢复了东地中海12个关键地质历史时期的原型盆地,并以板块构造为切入点探讨了盆地演化机制。东地中海及周缘上三叠统以来地层可划分为新特提斯被动大陆边缘陆地及浅水区、新特提斯被动大陆边缘深水区和塞浦路斯弧前褶皱区3个地层分区,前两个地层分区均发育一套裂谷-被动大陆边缘层系,但是二者的岩相特征和不整合发育有明显的差异,而塞浦路斯弧前褶皱区发育一套大洋盆地-弧前盆地层系。研究认为东地中海经历了二叠纪—早侏罗世裂解期、中侏罗世巴柔期—晚白垩世土伦期漂移期和晚白垩世森诺期以来的汇聚改造期3个原型阶段,其中汇聚改造期又可细分为晚白垩世森诺期“双俯冲带”消减期、古近纪北部俯冲-碰撞期、中新世塞浦路斯岛弧带南侧俯冲-碰撞与黎凡特边缘活化期和中新世梅西期以来“弧-山碰撞”与“走滑逃逸”期4个阶段。东地中海盆地演化受控于图哈罗德-安纳托利亚板块以及凯里尼亚、特罗多斯和埃拉托色尼等微板块与冈瓦纳大陆北缘的分离、向北的漂移和与欧亚大陆汇聚拼贴的板块构造活动。