内蒙拜仁达坝银铅锌多金属矿床地质特征

经详细的光、薄片鉴定和电子探针分析,认为该矿床矿石组成比较复杂,主要为磁黄铁矿、方铅矿、铁闪锌矿、毒砂、黄铁矿、银黝铜矿和黄铜矿等,其次还有闪锌矿、辉银矿、自然银、黝锡矿、硫锑铅矿、胶状黄铁矿、铅矾、褐铁矿和孔雀石等。其中银黝铜矿,黝锡矿和硫锑铅矿是本次工作新鉴定出的矿物。结合成矿地质特征、矿物共生组合特点和矿物间的穿插关系,将该矿床的成矿作用划分为热液成矿期和表生氧化期。热液期又可划分出4个成矿阶段：Ⅰ.毒砂-黄铁矿-石英阶段,该阶段矿化较弱;Ⅱ.石英-闪锌矿-磁黄铁矿阶段,该阶段矿化范围大,强度大,是锌的主成矿阶段,并伴随少量的银矿化;Ⅲ.银多金属硫化物阶段,该阶段是该区最重要的银铅锌成矿阶段;Ⅳ.碳酸盐-萤石-玉髓阶段,该阶段在矿区内分布广泛,矿化不发育,属成矿的尾声。结合测温研究确定该矿床是受断裂构造控制的中温热液矿床。     

莲花山铜银矿床综合找矿模式

本文论述了莲花山铜银矿床的地质，物化探综合找矿模式，该铜银矿床为一受断裂，裂隙控制的热液脉状矿床。重磁异常资料是圈定岩体，研究铜多金属成矿地质环境的重要依据。电法，化探是寻找该矿的主要方法。     

辽东地区后仙峪及翁泉沟硼矿床流体包裹体特征研究

对后仙峪硼矿区热水喷流沉积成因的电英岩中石英及翁泉沟硼矿区后生热液成因的石英脉中的原生流体包裹体进行了对比研究。结果表明：后仙峪电英岩石英中只发育气液两相包裹体,测温结果显示流体包裹体均一温度为146~249 ℃,盐度为15.9%~18.4%,密度为0.96~1.04 g/cm³,计算出成矿压力为43.95~68.43 MPa,由此估算出热水喷流沉积时的古海水深度为4.40~6.84 km;包裹体成分分析结果显示气相成分以H₂O、CH₄为主,含CO₂和N₂及少量的H₂S和H₂。翁泉沟石英脉中则发育气液两相包裹体及含CO₂三相包裹体两种类型,测温结果显示流体包裹体均一温度为142~377 ℃,盐度为12.7%~14.5%,密度为0.96~1.01 g/cm³,计算出压力为43.48~65.86 MPa,推算出后生成因石英脉的形成深度为5.23~6.55 km;包裹体成分分析结果显示气相成分以H₂O、CO₂为主,含CO、N₂和H₂,并含少量的CH₄、H₂S和微量的C₂H₆。矿床地质特征与硼同位素特征显示这两个矿床均为热水喷流沉积矿床,并经历了区域变质作用改造及后期热液交代蚀变作用。流体包裹体特征表明,热水喷流沉积成矿作用发生在相对还原的海底条件;而后期叠加的热液活动发生在相对氧化的环境下。     

乌石凹陷烃源岩生烃特征及差异成藏模式

针对乌石凹陷生烃特征不清和不同层系油气成藏差异性问题,通过烃源岩评价、生烃史演化分析、油源精细对比等手段对其烃源岩生烃特征及其差异成藏模式展开了研究。研究结果表明,乌石凹陷存在流二段上部和下部2套烃源岩,为形成于还原环境的中深湖沉积油页岩和泥页岩,富含无定形有机质和非海相沟鞭藻等藻类,以Ⅰ型和Ⅱ_1型干酪根为主,为好-优质烃源岩。生烃动力学及生烃演化史分析显示,Ⅰ型干酪根生油能力最高,Ⅱ_1型干酪根具有较高的生油能力,烃源岩存在2期生烃高峰期,第一期生烃高峰为涠洲组沉积末期(约23 Ma),第二期为角尾组沉积末期(约10 Ma),对应2期生烃高峰都伴生明显的生烃增压过程,是造成近洼带流二段普遍发育异常高压的原因。油源精细对比分析表明,中浅层涠洲组、流一段原油来自于流二段上部烃源岩,主要赋存于近洼带;流二段、流三段原油来自于流二段下部烃源岩,主要赋存于远洼带。综合研究认为,乌石凹陷表现为近洼带源外中浅层富集、远洼带源内富集的油气差异成藏规律。研究成果对于该区优化勘探、进一步扩大勘探成果具有重要指导意义。     

大厂矿田铜坑-长坡锡石硫化物矿床铅 同位素特征及其地质意义

[摘 要] 铜坑 - 长坡锡石硫化物矿床是大厂矿田中规模最大、最具有代表性的矿床,本文通过该矿床大量铅同位素资料的系统分析,运用全方位对比法和△β- △ч示踪法对矿床成矿物质来源进行了研究,不管是层状矿体、细脉带矿体还是大脉带矿体,其成矿物质主体具有统一来源,主要来自岩浆岩、泥盆系及基底物质,但也有少量的幔源物质参与。铜坑-长坡矿床的形成可能经历了两个阶段,即:早期的基性岩脉阶段和晚期的燕山期岩体阶段。     

“一带一路”沿线地区关键生物多样性区域生态变化特征（英文）

KBA (Key Biodiversity Areas)是由IUCN提出并被国际社会认可的生态保护优先区域,评估其生态变化特征对生物多样性保护与自然保护地建设至关重要。“一带一路”沿线地区生态系统类型丰富,生物多样性保护价值极高,而沿线KBA更应该成为生态保护的核心目标。本文利用土地覆盖、归一化植被指数（NDVI）和夜间灯光数据（NTL）,从植被覆盖度和人类活动方面分别对沿线KBA的生态状况及其时空变化特征进行分析,得到以下结论：（1）KBA内的土地覆盖长期保持稳定,林地、荒野和草地是主要的土地覆盖类型;（2）KBA内NDVI总体上呈现增加的趋势,表明植被覆盖度在不断提高,少数植被退化的KBA主要分布在中南半岛、青藏高原以及西亚地区;（3）KBA内NTL总体上处于很低的水平,表明人类活动对自然生态系统的干扰程度十分有限,极少数分布于中东欧、印度、中南半岛以及地中海附近国家的KBA具有较强的人类活动且呈现出增加的趋势。本研究结果强调在KBA生态保护中充分利用生物群落演替规律,同时限制人类活动对自然生态系统的干扰,以推动沿线地区生物多样性保护与自然保护地建设。     

Three-Dimensional P-Wave Velocity Structure of the Crust of North China

Since the Xingtai (邢台) earthquake in 1966,China Earthquake Administration has carried out a survey campaign along more than thirty deep seismic sounding (DSS) profiles altogether about twenty thousand kilometers long in North China to study the velocity structure of the crust and the upper mantle in this region,and has obtained a great number of research findings. However,these researches have not provided a 3D velocity structure model of the crust of North China and cannot provide seismic evidence for the study of the deep tectonic characteristics of the crust of the whole region. Hence,based on the information from the published data of the DSS profiles,we have chosen 14 profiles to obtain a 3D velocity structure model of North China using the vectorization function of the GIS software (Arc/Info) and the Kriging data gridding method. With this velocity structure model,we have drawn the following conclusions: (1) The P-wave velocity of the uppermost crust of North China changes dramatically,exhibiting a complicated velocity structure in plane view. It can be divided into three velocity zones mainly trending towards north-west. In the research area,the lowest-velocity zones lie in the Haihe (海河) plain and Bohai (渤海) Bay. Although the geological structure of the sedimentary overburden in the study area is somewhat inherited by the upper crust,there are still several differences between them. (2) Generally,the P-wave velocity of the crust increases with depth in the study area,but there still exists local velocity reversion. In the east,low-velocity anomalies of the Haihe plain gradually disappear with increasing depth,and the Shanxi (山西) graben in the west is mainly characterized by relatively low velocity anomalies. Bounded by the Taihang (太行) Mountains,the eastern and western parts differ in structural trend of stratum above the crystalline basement. The structural trend of the Huanghuaihai (黄淮海) block in the east is mainly north-east,while that of the Shanxi block and the eastern edge of the Ordos block is mainly north-west. (3) According to the morphological features of Moho,the crust of the study area can be divided into six blocks. In the Shanxi block,Moho apppears like a nearly south-north trending depression belt with a large crustal thickness. In the southern edge of the Inner Mongolia block and the south of the Yanshan (燕山) block,the Moho exhibits a feature of fold belt,trending nearly towards east-west. In the eastern edge of the Ordos block,the structure of Moho is relatively complex,presenting a pattern of fold trending nearly towards north-west with alternating convexes and concaves. Beneath the Huanghuaihai block,the middle and northern parts of the North China rift zone,the Moho is the shallowest in the entire region,with alternating uplifts and depressions in its shape. For the anteclise zone in the west of Shandong (山东) Province,the Moho is discontinuous for the fault depression extending in the north-west direction along Zaozhuang (枣庄) -Qufu (曲阜).     

河南桐柏老湾金矿床成矿物理化学条件研究

老湾金矿床金的成矿作用主要发生在中-低温(T=150～300℃)、中-低盐度(Ws=2.37%～9.23%)、浅成(P=23～45MPa)、弱酸性、弱碱性(pH=6.1～7.7)和还原环境下(Eh=-0.72～-0.64).金在成矿流体中主要以硫氢络合物形式迁移,流体的物理化学条件的改变导致流体中含金络合物溶解度的减小,从而导致金沉淀成矿.     

新疆准东煤田西黑山勘查区西山窑组煤相特征

以新疆准东煤田西黑山勘查区西山窑组煤层为研究对象,采用成因参数法和煤相图解方法,同时结合沉积学方法进行煤岩、煤相分析,探讨泥炭沼泽类型及其演化规律。煤相参数研究显示,B1、B11、B21和B2煤层煤相总体为偏干燥的湿地森林和湿地森林沼泽,B12、B3和B4-5煤层总体为干燥森林沼泽;垂向上B1、B2、B3、B31和B6煤表现出显著的由湿地森林沼泽或偏干燥的湿地森林沼泽向干燥森林沼泽演化,反映覆水程度逐渐变浅,泥炭沼泽表面逐渐趋于干燥,表明成煤期泥炭堆积速率与基底的相对沉降速率持平或略高于基底沉降速率。     

松花粉热降解甾族分子生物标志化合物及其热演化特征

松花粉热模拟实验饱和烃馏分中检出大量的甾族系列生物标志化合物,包括甾烯酮、甾烯、规则甾烷、异构化甾烷、重排甾烷、4-甲基甾烷及孕甾烷,芳烃馏分中还检出芳构化甾烷,从而提供了该类生物标志物植物花粉来源的直接证据.甾族化合物模拟温度150℃时开始断裂出来,250～350℃时达到排出高峰,400℃时含量急剧下降,500℃以后因强烈地热降解而无法检出. 250℃模拟样品中的甾族化合物以甾烯丰度最高,还检出了大量的甾烯酮和规则甾烷.它们都是以C29和C28两个碳数为主,且表现出C29>>C28的特点,每个碳数均以ααα20(R S)两种构型成对出现和相对丰度20R>20S为主要特征.300℃样品中检出C29重排甾烯,350℃时甾烯被大量还原,达到规则甾烷形成的高峰.400℃以后的样品除检出ααα(20R 20S)构型的生物甾烷外,αββ构型异构化甾烷可明显检出,而且也可检出相对丰度较高的C29和C28αβ重排甾烷.规则甾烷的ααα20R构型向20S构型的转化,也随热模拟温度的升高逐渐增强.450℃和500℃的高温模拟样品中检出了较明显的孕甾烷和甲基孕甾烷C21和C22.此外,松粉低温热模拟样品的芳烃馏份中检出单、三芳甾烷.