南海北部海区软骨鱼类种类组成和资源密度分布

根据2006～2007年南海北部海区4季的调查资料,分析该海区软骨鱼类的种类组成和资源密度的分布．结果表明,软骨鱼类有32种,分隶于9目17科,优势种为斑鳐、曾氏兔银鲛、褐黄扁缸、橙黄鲨;渔获率D断面最高（10．19kg／h）,B断面最低（4．52kg／h）;渔获率有明显的季节变动,夏季最高（12．16kg／h）,秋季最低（3．71kg／h）,平均渔获率为7．05kg／h;密集分布于180m和140m水深处;其年均资源密度为94．00kg／km^2．文中并讨论合理利用和保护该类群的措施．     

一种新型张力保护自动收放脐带缆绞车装置

介绍一种新型张力保护自动收放的脐带缆绞车装置的组成及特点。该装置克服了传统脐带缆绞车全人工操作模式所存在的效率低和安全性差等问题,实现了脐带缆绞车的自动收放和排缆,准确控制脐带缆张力,有效保护脐带缆的安全,大幅提高了潜水器等水下作业设备的工作效率和作业安全性。     

长江西陵峡新滩滑坡地震记录的初步分析

长江西陵峡新滩滑坡地震记录较之通常滑坡记录有其一般特征,也有其典型性,记录波形中出现一组非常尖锐的清晰震相。本文通过滑坡附近10个地震台记录该震相的走时和衰减分析,以及震中距小于50公里的5个台站记录的波谱分析,确认它是整个滑坡过程中一次较强位错源辐射的直达S波震相,强度相当于一次M_L=2.0级地震。本文同时分析了其与通常滑坡记录具有共性的波形,解释结果认为,滑波记录仅是滑坡过程中一系列较强位错源的辐射波,它是以S波为主的体波迭加结果。最后指出这次滑坡的形式可能不完全是重力作用的结果,不能排除区域构造活动的影响。     

第八章 海丰地震

1981年2—5月广东省海丰发生了一个震群,以其频度高、震级小、持续时间长,特别是社会影响大而引起海内外的关注。本文扼要叙述了这次海丰震群的特点及其所产生的严重社会影响,并分析其原因认为,这是由于震群本身震源浅而震感强,当地具有特定的社会和地理环境,过去在地震知识宣传中尚存在某些问题,特别是由于当地有关部门在处理震情方面发出预报性质的电文所产生的误传而造成的。本文还概述了在震情监视和安定群众情绪方面所采取的相应对策,包括加强监测措施,取得了大量现场资料,及时作出了合乎实际的震情判断;利用各种宣传媒介的宣传,排除了群众的疑虑,较快地安定了人心,恢复了正常的生活和生产秩序。     

用内蕴时间理论进行土流变本构方程研究

利用内蕴时间理论对土的流变性进行了理论研究。提出了在准三轴条件下土的流变本构方程 ,并且利用土的三轴流变试验结果对所得土流变本构方程进行了验证。验证结果表明用内蕴时间理论推导的土流变本构方程能很准确地描述土的流变性。     

云南思茅盆地景谷地区下白垩统曼岗组风成砂岩沉积学特征及其古气候意义

本文通过野外剖面的观察和实测,室内薄片鉴定、阴极发光分析、粒度分析、扫描电镜及能谱测试分析,研究了云南思茅盆地景谷地区下白垩统曼岗组风成砂岩沉积学特征,详细了解了风成砂岩的发育特征,以期为研究区白垩纪古气候研究提供新的资料,为我国钾盐勘探提供一定的地质依据和新的思路。研究结果表明:1研究区曼岗组主要出露一套中—细粒石英砂岩、岩屑石英砂岩,发育中—大型交错层理、平行层理,碎屑颗粒分选中等-好,以次圆状-圆状为主,孔隙不发育,杂基含量少;2曼岗组中段发育具平行层理的石英砂岩,粒度分布呈双众数,带状分布,石英颗粒为浑圆状,颗粒表面见Fe、Mn质薄膜,颗粒表面具明显的碟形坑等特征,属于典型的风成砂岩,初步判定其沉积环境为风成沙丘和丘间沉积;3景谷地区下白垩统曼岗组风成砂岩,整体表现为干热型气候,曼岗组中段为丘间沉积,曼岗组上段和下段为沙丘沉积。其在搬运沉积成岩过程中经历了强烈的物理、化学风化作用,整体表现为氧化环境,风力较大,风速稳定,持续时间长。此外,可能还经历了一段时期的湿润性气候环境,这可能与大气降水、大气环流带的迁移,以及白垩纪海侵作用等有关。     

A STUDY ON MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF OIL POLLUTANTS IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT: DECRADATION OF CRUDE OIL AND DIESEL OIL

Monthly collected water samples from two different stations in the Xiamen Harbor in one whole year were analysed for crude oil and diesel oil degradation by nature microbe flora. The results indicate that the difference between degradation rates of the two stations is related to the material type, temperature, oil degradation bacteria counts of the environment and season. The degradation velocity of diesel and crude oil in seawater is influenced by microbial degradation time. The calculated degradation velocity of crude oil and diesel oil by natural microbe flora in Xiamen Harbor sea areas based on the measured degradation rates were 0.02-0.19g/d·m2and0.004-0.61 g/d·m2 respectively. This provides, to a certain extent, a scientific basis for preliminary evaluation of the oil pollutant purification capacity of the described sea areas.     

Interactions between basalts and oil source rocks in rift basins： CO2 generation

Basalts interbedded with oil source rocks are discovered frequently in rift basins of eastern China, where CO2 is found in reservoirs around or within basalts, for example in the Binnan reservoir of the Dongying Depression. In the reservoirs, CO2 with heavy carbon isotopic composition (δ13C>-10‰ PDB) is in most cases accounts for 40% of the total gas reserve, and is believed to have resulted from degassing of basaltic magma from the mantle. In their investigations of the Binnan reservoir, the authors suggested that the CO2 would result from interactions between the source rocks and basalts. As the source rocks around basalts are rich in carbonate minerals, volcanic minerals, transition metals and organic matter, during their burial history some of the transition metals were catalyzed on the thermal degradation of organic matter into hydrocarbons and on the decomposition of carbonate minerals into CO2, which was reproduced in thermal simulations of the source rocks with the transition metals (Ni and Co). This kind of CO2 accounts for 55%-85% of the total gas reserve generated in the process of thermal simulation, and its δ13C values range from -11‰- -7.2‰ PDB, which are very similar to those of CO2 found in the Binnan reservoir. The co-generation of CO2 and hydrocarbon gases makes it possible their accumulation together in one trap. In other words, if the CO2 resulted directly from degassing of basaltic magma or was derived from the mantle, it could not be accumulated with hydrocarbon gases because it came into the basin much earlier than hydrocarbon generation and much earlier than trap formation. Therefore, the source rocks around basalts generated hydrocarbons and CO2 simultaneously through catalysis of Co and Ni transition metals, which is useful for the explanation of co-accumulation of hydrocarbon gases and CO2 in rift basins in eastern China.     

粤东成矿地质背景及银-铜-铅-锌成矿物质来源探讨

通过对粤东地区地层和岩石中成矿元素含量和区域地质背景的分析,认为粤东地区铜铅-锌-银成矿作用与燕山期的构造-岩浆作用关系密切,成矿物质中银-铜-锌以下地壳来源为主,铅则以上地壳及沉积地层来源为主。