Genetic relationships between swamp microenvironment and sulfur distribution of the Late Paleozoic coals in North China

The genetic relationships between microenvironment of the Late Paleozoic peat-forming swamp and the sulfur contents of coal in North China have been studied by using coal-facies parameters involving gelification degree, tissue preservation index, vegetation index, transportation index, groundwater influence index, water medium indicator and swamp type index, etc. Among the various controlling factors of swamp microenvironment, swamp water medium elaborates a dominant action to sulfur accumulation in the marine-influenced coals; while coal-forming plant type, hydrodynamic state and water covering depth are more important to sulfur accumulation in the fresh water-influenced coals. Geological fractionation of sulfur isotopes reflects that sulfur accumulation experienced multi-stages evolution. Pyrite sulfurs formed earlier than organic sulfur and the sulfur isotopic δ³⁴S_p shows lower values than organic sulfur isotopic δ³⁴S_o. In the brine-influenced coals, sulfur accumulation processed relatively a long time span, the distribution of sulfur isotopes dispersed, and the coals are provided with high sulfur contents. In the fresh-water-influenced coals, sulfur accumulation occurred mainly at the syngenetic-penesyngenetic stage and the early diagenetic stage, and the total sulfur is lower and mainly composed of organic sulfur.     

鸡西煤的无机地球化学研究

鸡西煤田是东北地区重要的炼焦煤基地，由于受成煤环境的影响，原煤灰分较高，影响了煤炭精细加工利用和环境。采用Ｘ射线衍射、红外光谱等分析方法对鸡西煤的无机地球化学特征研究显示，煤中的主要矿物为石英、方解石、粘土矿物、黄铁矿和菱铁矿等，它们分别以不同的状态赋存于有机质中。煤灰的主要成分为ＳｉＯ２和Ａｌ２Ｏ３，其主要源自流水带入泥炭沼泽的石英和粘土等同生矿物。元素分析表明，煤中硫、磷及微量元素锗和镓等含量较低。     

鄂尔多斯盆地煤显微组分的micro-FTIR研究

采用显微傅利叶红外光谱（ｍｉｃｒｏ－ＦＴＩＲ）技术研究了鄂尔多斯盆地不同煤级煤中基质镜质体、丝质体、藻类体、角质体、孢子体及树脂体的化学组成与结构演化特点．研究结果表明,随煤级增加,煤显微组分中脂族结构成分先增后减,含氧官能团减少,芳烃富集且芳环缩合度增加;在相同的热演化程度下,丝质体较基质镜质体和类脂组含更多的芳香结构成分和较少的脂族结构成分,及具更高的芳香缩合度,而基质镜质体又较类脂组含更多ＣＣ／ＣＨ,且基质镜质体中含较多的ＡｒＯＡｒ,ＣＯＣ等交链结构．反射式ｍｉｃｒｏ－ＦＴＩＲ具制样简单、快速准确等优点,且能进行单组分分析,无须分离样品,具透射式ｍｉｃｒｏ－ＦＴＩＲ和粉末红外光谱无可比拟的优越性,是煤及源岩显微组分微区化学分析的有力工具．     

中国煤的叠加变质作用

中国煤变质具有多阶段演化与多热源叠加变质的特点;部分中国煤经历过3个变质演化阶段：以深成变质作用为主的第1演化阶段。以多热源叠加变质作用为特征的第2演化阶段和以奠定煤变质格局为主的第3演化阶段。除煤的深成变质普遍存在外,区域岩浆热变质为另一种中国煤的主要变质模型;多热源叠加变质是中国大多数中、高煤级煤产生的主要原因,其中区域岩浆热变质作用的影响最显著;中国煤的叠加变质作用主要发生在第2演化阶段;文中归纳出5种叠加变质作用类型。     

Occurrence and Geological Genesis of Pyrites in Late Paleozoic Coals in North China

The occurrence and geological genesis of pyrites in Late Paleozoic colas of North china have been systematically studied in terms of coal petrology,coal chemistry,elemental geochemistry and sulfur isotope geochemistry.The results suggest that eight types of pyrite,i.e.,framboidal,automorphic graular,oolitic,massive,homogeneous spherical,allotriomorphic,nodular,joint-and fisure-filling pyrintes can be subdivided under the microscope,Four generations of pyrite are also reconized according to the shape,size,coexisting assemblage,spacial distribution relationship with macerals,the contents of sulfur and iron.atomic S/Fe ratios and associated elements in pryites.Sulfur in Late Palozoic colas of North China is of diverse source as evidenced by sulfur isotope variations in the pyrites.The δ34S values of pyrite generated at the early stage ted to be negative,and at the late stage,positive.     

用软锰矿直接制备高纯高比表面四氧化三锰

软锰矿经中性浸出,通过除杂净化,制备出高纯硫酸锰溶液;碱化沉淀,采用微波加热进行控制氧化合成四氧化三锰,确定了该方法的最佳工艺参数.分别用扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射仪和全自动氮吸附比表面仪对样品进行了检测,结果表明:该方法成功制备了高纯四氧化三锰,比表面积高达28.27 m2/g.     

粘滞阻尼器在高墩连续梁桥抗震设计中的应用

以大理州鸡足山旅游公路宝丰寺大桥为工程背景,基于桥梁地震动方程建立了空间非线性有限元模型,研究粘滞阻尼器参数及其设置位置对山区高墩连续梁桥减震效果的影响,并同其他减震措施进行了比较,以分析进行高墩连续梁桥减震设计的合理方法.计算结果表明,粘滞阻尼器在高墩连续梁桥的抗震设计中具有优越的性能,对结构的位移控制以及内力的耗散作用非常明显,而铅芯橡胶支座由于附加刚度的影响造成边矮墩内力过于集中,在减震性能上不及粘滞阻尼器;粘滞阻尼器的安装位置对结构减震性能具有较大的影响,设计时须充分考虑,以确保结构的减震性能和工程的经济性.     

凹凸棒石水热制备中空六方钾霞石及生长机制

用KOH、酸处理凹凸棒石、硝酸铝为原料在180℃~200℃水热条件下制备中空的钾霞石。经粉末晶体衍射图证实,所制备的晶体与钾霞石的特征峰符合,表明制备物质为钾霞石。由扫描电镜图中,可以看出所制备的六方片状晶体直径约为5μm~10μm,厚度约为500nm,并且片状中间出现了很多的大孔(直径约100nm~1 000nm左右),这在之前的报道中从未出现过。因此,追踪钾霞石的生长机制,发现这种多孔六方钾霞石生长分为三步,第一步,是纳米棒聚集形成放射状微球;第二步微球晶化形成假六方片钾霞石;第三步,假六方片晶体经过奥斯特瓦尔德熟化过程表面再结晶形成中空六方片。这是首次在二维材料上观察到这种奥斯特瓦尔德熟化再结晶的现象。     

师道长存 功勋永在——敬怀袁希渊老师

笔者是袁复礼教授30年代末期的学生,回顾了在西南联大受袁老师教诲;在清华大学地学系和北京地质学院共事期间得袁老师帮助的情况。老师的优良学风和高尚品德使我们体会到:所谓教育决不仅限于课堂上的“授业”、“解惑”。为人师者的一言一行,其涵育和启发的作用有时更为重要。我们后来虽然成了不同学科的学术带头人和院、系负责人,但袁老师始终是我们的榜样。     

Synthesis and Growth Process： A Tetrapod-Like ZnO Nanostructure

Three kinds of tetrapod-like ZnO nanostructures have been synthesized simultaneously via pure Zn chemical vapor deposition on silicon wafers with (111) orientation (Si (111)) at 920 ℃. X-ray diffraction indicates that the nanotetrapods are of wurtzite structure. The morphology and the microstructure of the nanotetrapods are investigated by the scanning electron microscopy. Selected area electron diffraction shows the growth direction, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy reveals the atomic composition ratio of Zn/O. The growth process is briefly discussed. The optical property of the products was also recorded by means of photoluminescence spectroscopy.