国家973项目子课题“扇贝大规模死亡的流行病学研究”取得重要进展

近年来随着养殖病害的不断加剧 ,作为我国北方海水养殖产业支柱品种之一的栉孔扇贝的大规模死亡现象频繁发生 ,已经极大地威胁了这一高效养殖业的持续发展。据有关资料 ,１９９７～１９９８年 ,仅山东省因扇贝大规模死亡而造成的直接经济损失就达４０×１０８元。为了尽早查清病原 ,自２０００年起本课题组在国家９７３项目的资助下 ,对山东省内主要扇贝养殖海区开展了系统的病原学和流行病学调查 ,通过全面排查和病理学观察 ,在病害高发期的病贝体内发现一种具双层囊膜、直径约为１５０ｎｍ的球形病毒粒子。该病毒粒子出现在各器官的细胞质…     

红树林孢粉-气候因子转换函数恢复古环境的可行性初探

红树林是一种对温、盐、流及土质等均具严格要求的植被类型，对定量化研究热带，亚热带沿海地区古环境具有重要的意义，通过对广西英罗湾、北海洞尾的红树林表土中孢粉的研究，初步建立起红树林植物孢粉-气候因子的转换函数，将之运用到位于英罗湾的典型钻孔D325的孢粉资料中，获得该孔所记录的年平均温度，最高温度，最低温度，年降雨量以及最高盐度等气候环境指标的变化，同时，与由孢粉分析获得的D325孔记录的全新世以来的7个气候变化阶段相对比，发现具有很好的对应关系，说明利用对环境反映灵敏的红树林孢粉为信息源，建立与环境气候因子的关系，定量恢复环境具可行性。     

微型近红外光谱仪测量北极积雪覆盖海冰内部太阳辐照度可行性研究

The extremely low temperature, high humidity and limited power supply pose considerable challenges when using spectrometers within the Arctic sea ice. The feasibility of using a miniature low-power near-infrared spectrometer module to measure solar radiation in Arctic sea ice environments was investigated in this study.Temperature and integration time dependences of the spectrometer module were examined over the entire target operating range of –50℃ to 30℃, well below the specified operating range of this spectrometer. Using these observations, a dark output prediction model was developed to represent dark output as a function of temperature and integration time. Temperature-induced biases in the saturation output and linear operating range of the spectrometer were also determined. Temperature and integration time dependences of the signal output were evaluated. Two signal output correction models were developed and compared, to convert the signal output at any temperature within the operating temperature range and integration time to that measured at the reference temperature and integration time. The overall performance of the spectrometer was evaluated by integrating it into a refined fiber optic spectrometry system and measuring solar irradiance distribution in the ice cover with thickness of 1.85 m in the Arctic during the 9th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition. The general shape of the measured solar irradiance above the snow surface agreed well with that measured by other commercial oceanographic spectroradiometers. The measured optical properties of the sea ice were generally comparable to those of similar ice measured using other instruments. This approach provides a general framework for assessing the feasibility of using spectrometers for applications in cold environments.     

联体线虫科(线虫动物门)系统分类研究进展

联体线虫科是自由生活海洋线虫中种类多样性较高的一个科,广泛分布于潮间带、浅海甚至超过6 000 m的深渊海底。联体线虫科目前已记录有19个属239个有效种(另有4个属由于原始描述较简单,被认为是疑似属),是当前海洋线虫分类学研究最为活跃的一个科。本文简述了联体线虫科的系统分类研究历史,回顾了这一类群的国内外系统分类学研究进展,对3个亚科的分类进一步做了梳理,并列出了各个属的种类检索表。     

AD-2型极谱仪

目前我国生产的极谱仪，虽然类型不少，但是应用性比较专一，按照一般教学和科研工作的实际需要，希望极谱仪能有较多的用途。例如，高等学校仪器分析实验课程中，需要进行经典极谱、单扫(示波)极谱、催化极谱和溶出伏安法实验；在物理化学实验课程中，     

应用微核技术监测海水诱变剂的初步实验

工业化和环境污染总是并行发生的。如何在工业化过程中尽量避免环境污染是大家关心的问题。在研究这个问题中，建立有效的生物测定法，来监测环境污染，防止污染物影响人类健康是很有意义的。