南海海面温度与Ni(n)o/DMI指数年际变异的相关性分析

利用NCEP的Reynolds最优插值海面温度产品(1981年12月-2004年10月),对南海海表温度场的年际变化与热带太平洋El Ni(n)o指数(Ni(n)o1 2, Ni(n)o3.4, Ni(n)o5和Ni(n)o6指数)以及印度洋的偶极子指数(DMI)进行相关性分析.研究表明南海海面温度(SST)的变异与Ni(n)o1 2指数的变异相关性较强,南海海表温度场平均滞后Ni(n)o1 2指数4.77个月时,二者相关达到最大,平均为0.60; Ni(n)o3.4指数次之,南海海洋表层温度距平(SSTA)平均滞后Ni(n)o3.4指数6.67个月时,二者相关系数最大,平均为0.49.南海海表温度场对应的伴随形态进一步表明,南海随Ni(n)o1 2, Ni(n)o3.4指数出现正异常并有增暖现象,其中南海SST异常随Ni(n)o1 2指数变化的强度更大.并且几乎整个南海区域均超过95%的置信水平,当Ni(n)o1 2达到1个标准差(即异常增暖1.04 ℃),南海平均增暖幅度为0.16 ℃,越南东南外海和南海16°N以北区域SSTA增幅最大为0.20 ℃.表征西北太平洋海表温度场的Ni(n)o5和Ni(n)o6指数对ENSO现象的响应与南海表层温度场线性相关性不显著.研究还表明,南海海表温度场的年际变化与印度洋偶极子指数(DMI)的相关性不强,相关性仅体现在南海的卡里曼丹岛西南角的局部海域.     

中国近海环流数值模拟研究综述

按照研究时间由早期到现代,研究方法由简单到复杂的顺序,综述了近几十年来海洋数值模拟工作在中国近海所取得的研究成果.目前,通过数值模式已经能够基本合理地模拟中国近海的海洋环流,黑潮、台湾暖流、黄海暖流等的路径、流量,对马暖流源区等问题的特征在数值模拟结果中也逐渐清晰.通过分析已有的工作,认为还存在多项关键技术问题,并受对中国近海环流认知程度的限制,中国近海环流的数值模拟研究还需要进一步的发展和完善.在未来的数值模拟研究中,通过变网格或多重网格嵌套技术,实现中国近海高分辨率的数值模式;应用更加符合实际情况的海洋参数化方案,发展风-浪-流-潮耦合模式;结合资料同化技术,发展预报模式等都应是中国近海环流数值模拟研究的重点发展方向.     

北赤道流分岔点与印尼贯穿流的相关分析

Based on monthly mean Simple Ocean Data Assimilation(SODA) products from 1958 to 2007,this study analyzes the seasonal and interannual variability of the North Equatorial Current(NEC) bifurcation latitude and the Indonesian Throughflow(ITF) volume transport. Further,Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD) method and lag-correlation analysis are employed to reveal the relationships between the NEC bifurcation location,NEC and ITF volume transport and ENSO events. The analysis results of the seasonal variability show that the annual mean location of NEC bifurcation in upper layer occurs at 14.33°N and ITF volume transport has a maximum value in summer,a minimum value in winter and an annual mean transport of 7.75×106 m3/s. The interannual variability analysis indicates that the variability of NEC bifurcation location can be treated as a precursor of El Ni?o. The correlation coefficient between the two reaches the maximum of 0.53 with a time lag of 2 months. The ITF volume transport is positively related with El Ni?o events with a maximum coefficient of 0.60 by 3 months. The NEC bifurcation location is positively correlated with the ITF volume transport with a correlation coefficient of 0.43.     

海洋模式中潮致混合调和分析参数化方案的建立

潮致混合对海洋环流的调整起着重要作用。陆架环流的数值模拟中如果不考虑潮汐作用,往往不能得到与观测相符的垂向温盐结构。本文基于调和分析方法,建立了一套潮致混合参数化方案。该方案通过对垂向混合系数进行调和分析,从而得到随时间变化的潮致混合系数。将该方案用于黄海冷水团数值模拟的结果显示,其能够得到与在数值模式开边界直接加入潮汐强迫相当的冷水团温盐结构。和直接引入潮汐强迫相比,这一潮致混合参数化方案的优势在于,它能够大大节省数值模拟计算机时,因此有望显著提高大规模高分辨率的海洋环流及气候模式的模拟能力和计算效率。     

南海及邻近海域大气-海浪-海洋耦合精细化数值预报系统研制

本文主要介绍了南海及邻近海域大气-海浪-海洋耦合精细化数值预报系统的研制概况。预报区域为99°E~135°E,15°S~45°N,包括渤海、黄海、东海和南海及其周边海域。为了给耦合预报模式提供较准确的预报初始场,在预报开始之前,分别进行了海浪模式和海洋模式的前24小时同化后报模拟。海浪模式和海洋模式都采用了集合调整Kalman滤波同化方法,海浪模式同化了Jason-2有效波高数据;海洋模式同化了SST数据、MADT数据和ARGO剖面数据。为了改进海洋温度和盐度的模拟,我们在海洋模式的垂向混合方案中引入波致混合和内波致混合的作用。预报系统的运行主要包括两个阶段,首先海浪模式和海洋模式进行了2014年1月至2015年10月底的同化后报模拟,强迫场源自欧洲气象中心的六小时的再分析数据产品。然后耦合预报系统将同化后报模拟的结果作为初始场进行了14个月的耦合预报。预报产品包括大气产品（气温、风速风向、气压等）、海浪产品（有效波高和波向等）、海流产品（温度、盐度和海流等）。一系列观测资料的检验比较表明该大气-海浪-海洋耦合精细化数值预报系统的预报结果较为可靠,可以为南海及周边海洋资源开发和安全保障提供数据和信息产品服务。     

数据挖掘研究综述及其在国土资源信息化中的应用研究初探

本文系统论述和总结了数据挖掘和空间数据挖掘的概念、技术方法和研究现状。详细介绍了目前主流的数据挖掘厂商及解决方案。文章最后简要分析了数据挖掘技术在国土资源行业中的研究现状,并对如何利用这些新技术为国土资源业务管理与决策支持提供帮助进行了初步探讨。     

孤永东输油管道穿越改造工程对黄河防洪影响评价

根据防洪影响评价有关规范,对输油管道穿越黄河河道处河势演变情况、主河槽摆动范围、主河槽及滩地冲刷深度等进行深入分析．提出管道穿越河道改造工程有关技术指标,就管道穿越工程对黄河的防洪影响做出综合评价并提出有关防治措施。     

中国近海海上溢油预测与应急决策支持系统研发

开发了中国近海海上溢油预测与应急决策系统,由三维水动力模型、溢油风化模型、环境敏感区图和决策支持模型组成。系统能够预测海面油膜的漂移-扩散行为和风化过程,提供敏感区污染预警和资源优先保护次序、溢油应急优化方案以及溢油清污效果实时动态模拟。作为海上溢油应急反应决策平台,系统能够通过网络提供服务。     

Forecasts of South China Sea surface temperature anomalies using the Nio indices and dipole mode index as predictors

Based on an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the monthly NCEP Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature (OISST) data in the South China Sea (SCS) after removing the climatological mean and trends of SST,over the period of January 1982 to October 2003,the corresponding TCF correlates best with the Dipole Mode Index (DMI),Nio1+2,Nio3.4,Nio3,and Nio4 indices with time lags of 10,3,6,5,and 6 months,respectively.Thus,a statistical hindcasts in the prediction model are based on a canonical correlation analysis (CCA) model using the above indices as predictors spanning from 1993/1994 to 2003/2004 with a 1-12 month lead time after the canonical variants are calculated,using data from the training periods from January 1982 to December1992.The forecast model is successful and steady when the lead times are 1-12 months.The SCS warm event in 1998 was successfully predicted with lead times from 1-12 months irrespective of the strength or time extent.The prediction ability for SSTA is lower during weak ENSO years,in which other local factors should be also considered as local effects play a relatively important role in these years.We designed the two forecast models:one using both DMI and Nio indices and the other using only Nio indices without DMI,and compared the forecast accuracies of the two cases.The spatial distributions of forecast accuracies show different confidence areas.By turning off the DMI,the forecast accuracy is lower in the coastal areas off the Philippines in the SCS,suggesting some teleconnection may occur with the Indian Ocean in this area.The highest forecast accuracies occur when the forecast interval is five months long without using the DMI,while using both of Nio indices and DMI,the highest accuracies occur when the forecast interval time is eight months,suggesting that the Nio indices dominate the interannual variability of SST anomalies in the SCS.Meanwhile the forecast accuracy is evaluated over an independent test period of more than 11 years (1993/94 to October 2004) by comparing the model performance with a simple prediction strategy involving the persistence of sea surface temperature anomalies over a 1-12 month lead time (the persisted prediction).Predictions based on the CCA model show a significant improvement over the persisted prediction,especially with an increased lead time (longer than 3 months).The forecast model performs steadily and the forecast accuracy,i.e.,the correlation coefficients between the observed and predicted SSTA in the SCS are about 0.5 in most middle and southern SCS areas,when the thresholds are greater than the 95% confidence level.For all 1 to 12 month lead time forecasts,the root mean square errors have a standard deviation of about 0.2.The seasonal differences in the prediction performance for the 1-12 month lead time are also examined.     

青海省防震减灾宣传教育工作的现状分析与对策探索

青海省地震灾害形势严峻,在地震灾害不能准确预报的条件下,加强防震减灾宣传教育工作,不断增强群众的危机意识和防震减灾能力,是减少灾害损失、保障群众生命财产安全和社会安全稳定的基础工作。结合现实对本省防震减灾宣传工作现状进行深入分析,提出存在的问题和不足;对进一步做好防震减灾宣教工作的对策措施提出作者的见解。