长江武汉段河道近期沉积特征及演化趋势

长江武汉段位于长江中游 ,贯穿整个武汉市 ,其近年来的河道变化及来水、来沙情况不仅反映了长江自身的演化规律 ,而且对判断一些大型人为工程兴建以来的河流响应及环境变迁有重要意义。1　天兴洲变迁分析天兴洲是长江武汉段的一个江心洲。它的堆积成因使其对长江武汉段的来水、来沙变化特别敏感 ,因而天兴洲在形态和位置上的变化能较好的反映该段河道沉积特征。在纵向上 ,1970年与 195 9年相比 ,洲头、洲尾各淤长约 1.5ｍ ;1980年与 1970年相比 ,洲头明显上提约 2ｋｍ ,洲尾变动较小 ,同时洲身又略有加宽 ;1993年与 1980年相比 ,天兴洲整体…     

南岭地区两种类型盆地的压实流体系统及其矿化作用

盆地构造演化—流体系统—矿化作用是矿床学研究的前缘课题。盆地演化的特征直接影响盆地沉积建造的结构特征。建造结构和地球化学特征对压实流体系统的温度场、动力场、地球化学场和矿化作用产生决定性的影响。滇东南白牛厂早古生代盆地是典型的裂谷式凹陷盆地,上万米厚的黑色页岩与上部碳酸盐岩和砂岩组合有利于矿化的压实流体系统的形成,形成了白牛厂式超大型银多金属矿床。粤北晚古生代盆地为地台型浅海盆地,沉积物主要由透水性较好的粗碎屑物质和碳酸盐岩组成,沉积建造厚度较薄。数字模拟结果表明,粤北盆地压实流体系统难以形成较高的地热储和流体势,流体只能在沉积层的特殊部位汇聚并形成红岩型低温黄铁矿矿床。     

胶东花岗-绿岩带金矿构造成矿动力学模型

微量元素与同位素地球化学反映胶东花岗-绿岩带金矿成矿物质具有多来源,尤其是地幔来源特征。地震波场、磁场与重力场揭示壳-幔结构与耦合机制是成矿系统物质、能量交换、聚集的根本动力学原因。在此基础上,结合构造环境演化史,将其构造成矿动力学模式表述为:太古宙—元古宙绿岩带产生、形成——金的矿源系统雏形;古生代构造环境稳定——金成矿作用间歇;中生代绿岩带强烈活化-改造——构造成岩成矿;新生代构造继承性活动——后期构造破矿作用。其中印支中晚期郯庐断裂带深切上地幔,通过壳-幔相互作用,将含矿流体系统输运到更高层位,蚀变、矿化作用发生。     

Crust-Mantle Structures and Gold Enrichment Mechanism of Mantle Fluid System

Gold enrichment mechanism of ore-forming fluid is the essence of gold metallization.This paper summarizes the distinguishing symbols of mantle fluid and effect of crust-mantle structure on fluid movement. Fluid moving processes include osmosis, surge, gas-liquid alterna-tion and mutation of fluid speed. During fluid movement, gold will be enriched gradually. Final-ly, a layered circulatory system is illustrated in this paper.     

Random Difference of the Trace Element Distribution in Skarn and Marbles from Shizishan Orefield,Anhui Province,China

Spatial distribution patterns of element concentrations can reflect the information of the mineralization processes. Both the Hurst exponent calculated by R/S analysis and the generalized fractal dimension calculated by using the multifractal model are important parameters for describing the spatial distribution of elements. Five long drill holes, named as M1, S1, S2,S3, and S4, have been selected in the Shizishan (狮子山) skarn orefield in Tongling (铜陵), Anhui (安徽) Province, China. Marbles are well developed around MI and skarn rocks are largely distributed along S1, S2, S3, and S4 drill holes. The drill holes were sampled evenly with an interval of 10 m and 16 trace elements have been measured. The mean of the △D(q) (the height of the generalized dimension spectrum) in the MI drill hole is the lowest. In addition, the mean of the Hurst exponents of the 16 elements in the MI drill hole is also much smaller than that of S1, S2, S3, S4 drill holes, which is in accordance with the analysis of the generalized dimension. It is indicated by the generalized dimension and Hurst exponent that the distribution of trace elements in the marbles is more random than that in the skarn. The result suggests that the mineralization process can change the randomness and persistence features of the element distribution.     

成矿预测中的非线性数学方法

文章综述了成矿预测非线性模型处理中的近代数学理论与方法,包括混沌、分形、小波分析、遗传算法与神经网络.在阐明数学理论内在物理含义的基础上,将其与地质过程的内在复杂性进行了对比分析,进一步明晰了它们在成矿预测模型处理中的应用.     

中国南方红土型金成矿系列研究综述

红土型金矿床是原生金矿化遭受红土化作用改造所形成的一种表生金矿床,包括"红色粘土型"和"铁帽型"金矿床.中国红土型金矿以风化再造型为主,受气候影响而主要分布在南方,并与岩金成矿系列分布基本一致.风化壳常量元素、稀土元素、粘土矿物系统研究表明,成矿作用环境时空变化整体受风化强度控制,其风化作用早期呈中碱性、晚期呈酸性,风化壳下部偏碱性、还原,项部偏酸性、氧化的特点.典型矿床因子分析揭示,红土型金成矿作用可分为氧化和水解两个阶段.氧化阶段风化较弱,基岩释放大量碱性离子,使成矿流体保持中性,金溶解并主要以Au(S2O3)23-形式迁移;水解阶段风化较强,硅酸盐矿物发生脱碱去硅作用,随着大气降水不断参与,成矿流体性质由中碱性缓慢过渡到中-酸性条件,金以胶体或氯化物络合物形式迁移.金一般在风化壳下部富集,表生矿物吸附、氧化还原界面处被Fe2 、Mn2 还原以及不同性质流体混合都能促使金的沉淀.     

山东招平断裂带大磨曲家金矿床流体包裹体初步研究

The Damoqujia gold deposit,discovered recently and located in the north of Zhaoping fault zone,is a large altered rock type deposit.In this paper,we report the preliminary research results of the fluid inclusions and discuss its metallogenic implications. The homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions fall into four ranges:310～350℃,230～270℃,160～200℃and 110～150℃; corresponding to the four stages of hydrothermal ore-forming processes:coarse grain pyrite-milk white quartz stage(Ⅰ),smoky gray Au-bearing quartz-fine grain pyrite stage(Ⅱ),Au-bearing polymetallic sulfide-quartz stage(Ⅲ),and quartz-carbonate stage(Ⅳ). Ore-forming fluid is with low salinity and low density,ranging from 1.4 Wt_(NaCl)% to 13.6 Wt_(NaCl)% and from 0.48g/cm~3 to 1.03g/cm~3 respectively.The inclusions are dominated by H_2O and CO_2 in gaseous compositions,and Na~ and K~ in positive ions,SO_4~(2-)and Cl~- in negative ions of liquid compositions.Au-S complex is the major form for transportation of gold.The pressure varied from 260MPa to 340MPa during the formation of CO_2-bearing inclusions at the early mineralization;the fluids are rich in SO_4~(2-)and Na~ .The pressure is 26-49×10~5 Pa during the formation of the aqueous salt inclusions in late mineralization,the inclusions are rich in CI~-(F~-), Na~ .δ~(18)O_(qurrtz)is 10.64～12.68%o,and the correspondingδ~(18)O_(H_2)O andδD is-5.44～6.47‰and-95.52～-106.48‰respectively.Based on the studies about compositions and hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of inclusions,it is evidenced that ore-forming fluid is magmatic hydrothermal fluid in early period,but affected by meteoric water in late.     

深部构造与地质过程控矿研究

随着大规模全球填图和矿产勘探的发展，在地壳深部寻找新的矿产资源的紧迫性日益增加。大型热液成矿系统和矿集区的时空分布受深部地质过程演化制约，成矿系统明显与岩石圈各个层圈的深部结构和组成的不均一性密切相关，其时空分布本质上受深部构造和过程制约。通过深部热-物质迁移的研究，可以建立岩石圈块体构造模型和非线性成矿作用动力学及源区构造等概念，深入探讨岩石圈及与相邻圈层物质和能量交换过程中造矿组分的分散与富集机制及时空演化规律，可以预测矿床出现的种类和聚集的部位，特别是大型矿集区的位置和矿化形式，从而为大型-超大型矿床及矿集区的探寻与预测提供思路和基础。     

造山带岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床的混染模式 ——以天山-北山二叠纪铜镍矿为例

造山带铜镍矿床的地幔源区均经历过不同程度的俯冲交代作用和复杂的源区混染历史,造山带铜镍矿带内大量个体差异的矿床为源区和壳内混染的多样性提供了研究实例.中亚造山带天山-北山地区是中国众多造山带内铜镍矿数量最多、分布最广、总体储量最大的地域,这些矿化岩体普遍体现Nb-Ta亏损、高18O和锆石O-Hf同位素离散的特征,该宏大...