Mineralogical characteristics of airborne particles collected in Beijing during a severe Asian dust storm period in spring 2002

Asian dust storm (ADS) samples were collected on March 20,2002 in Beijing,China. High-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray detector (FESEM-EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to study the morphology,chemical compositions,number-size dis-tributions and mineralogical compositions of ADS particles. The mineral particles were major compo-nents in the ADS samples,accounting for 94% by number. The XRD analysis indicated that the dust particles were dominated by clay (40.3%),and quartz (19.5%),followed by plagioclase (8.4%),calcite (7.5%),K-feldspar (1.5%),hematite (0.9%),pyrite (0.9%),hornblende (0.4%) and gypsum (0.3%),with a certain amount of noncrystalline materials (20.3%). Clay minerals were mainly illite/smectite mixed lay-ers (78%),followed by illite (9%),kaolinite (6%),and chlorite (7%). In addition to these main minerals,FESEM-EDX also detected some trace minerals,such as dolomite,pyrite,thenardite,as well as heavy minerals represented by rutile,ilmenite and apatite. The mineralogical compositions of the 2002-03-20 Asian dust storm and the Saharan dust plumes were similar but the clay mineralogy showed a great distinction,with the illite/smectite mixed layers being common in the Asian dust storm but illite being common in the Saharan dust plumes.     

六盘山盆地形成和改造历史及构造应力场演化

六盘山盆地夹于鄂尔多斯地块、青藏地块和阿拉善地块之间,在中国大地构造体系中处于独特的构造位置。基于野外变形分析与断层滑动矢量构造应力场反演,初步确定了六盘山盆地形成与构造演化历史。结果表明,六盘山盆地主要经历了早白垩世成盆过程和后期改造过程2个大的阶段。早白垩世早期,受到区域近E-W向引张应力作用而发生断陷,盆内沉积了一套巨厚的河湖相六盘山群;早白垩世晚期在NW-SE向挤压下,断陷盆地发生构造反转,局部地区褶皱回返,六盘山群发生不同程度的断裂和褶皱变形,继而盆地开始了长期的隆升剥蚀作用。晚新生代,受到印度—欧亚大陆碰撞产生的远程效应,六盘山盆地先后经历了NE-SW向和近E-W向挤压应力作用,盆地发生了强烈的褶皱和断裂变形,六盘山快速隆起。六盘山盆地构造应力场演化历史不仅为研究周缘地块的运动学和动力学提供构造地质依据,也对盆地油气勘探具有指导意义。     

植被指数差异在干旱遥感监测中的应用

利用2001、2002年春季降水和土壤墒情及NOAA／AVHRR气象卫星资料，分析了不同年的植被指数差异与同期降水量和土壤相对湿度差异的关系，结果表明，年际间植被指数的差异可以明显地反映作物受早程度的差异，此方法可以用来定性地分析年际间的干旱程度和受早范围。     

GOCE卫星数据的效益还在持续

2009—2013年间在轨运行的GOCE(地球重力场和海洋环流探测器)卫星似乎已经淡出科学界的视线,然而,这颗曾经以前所未有的精确度绘制了地球重力场的卫星,对其数据的分析帮助科学家发现南极东部冰盖下存在古老的稳定地块,并且可以与过去相邻的印度和澳大利亚连接起来,是所谓“消失的大陆”。     

基于层次分析法的模糊综合评判模型在康乐县泥石流沟危险性评价中的应用

康乐县地处甘肃东南部,位于洮河流域下游,为黄土高原向青藏高原的过渡地带,是我国泥石流灾害最为严重的地区之一。本文以康乐县境内的20条典型泥石流沟为例,选定10个主要影响因子作为泥石流危险度评价的指标,依据层次分析法确定各因子的权重,并利用模糊综合评判法对其做出危险性评价。研究表明处于高度危险状态的泥石流沟多达11条,占到总数的50%以上,建议对其进行重点监测和防治。     

RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION: RESEARCH NEEDS AND REFOCUSING PERSPECTIVES

IINTRODUCTIONReservoirsedimentationisannuallydecreasingconstT[lctedworldwidewaterstoragebyanestimatedonepercent(Mahmood,1987).Lossesinaridregionsaredoubled,reducingtheaverageusefulreservoirlifeto20-30years(Bruk,1996).Atthisrateofstorageloss,hydroelectricityasanenergysourcecanhardlybecalledrenewable(Nordin,1993).Reservoirsaregenerallyfillingwithsedimentmorerapidlythananticipated.Forexample,datafromindiaindicatethataCtllalsedimentdeliveryishigherthanpredictedin24of27reservoirs,rangingfro…     

音频大地电磁法在探测地下水中的应用——以湛江南木水为例

本文通过在广东省湛江市省级生态农业示范区——南木水地区进行地下水探测拟解决当地的生活用水问题.该区域主要为燕山期花岗岩,本文采用了音频大地电磁法(AMT)勘探方法,从构造分析出发,选择三个有利区域(分别为A、B、C、区),布设了10条AMT勘探线,共166个测点,进行野外数据.对野外数据进行了一系列预处理、反演和电阻率成像得到各线的剖面图.分析研究剖面图和切片图,确定了三个可能含水的低阻带以及三口钻井的位置.其中C区已经打井取水,出水50 m~3/h,很好地验证了AMT方法在硬岩地区进行地下水探测的实用性和有效性.     

AMT方法在鳌山卫花岗岩地区深部地热构造勘探中的应用

作为我国最近规划的中国蓝谷海洋高科技开发区,对能源结构有着较高要求.目前,地热资源的直接利用是最经济最方便的绿色能源途径.鳌山卫研究区,是中国蓝谷的核心区之一,根据地质资料和温泉露头情况推测,该研究区内有可观的地热资源潜力.为探测鳌山卫花岗岩地区的深部地热构造,搜集已有的地质地球物理资料,在该区布设了10条AMT测线.通过资料采集、预处理、反演,得到了研究区地下2000 m以浅的电性结构的空间展布形态.勘探结果显示,研究区发育一条走向为N30°E的断裂构造F1,深度约1500 m;同时确定了构造低阻异常中心位置,为下一步钻孔布设提供依据.本次花岗岩区AMT探测,克服了城市人文干扰和高压输电线引起的各种电磁干扰,为类似地区深部地热构造探测工作提供了实践经验,是一次成功的深部地热构造探测.     

Characteristics of Intraslab Stress Field and Tectonic Implication in the Nankai Trough, Japan

1. IntroductionThe Nankai Trough region (Fig. 1.1) of southwest Japan is one of the most tectonically complex subduction zones in the world. The subduction of the Philippine Sea plate (PH) beneath the Eurasian plate (EU) has caused a series of large and great interplate earthquakes. It is generally accepted that great earthquakes have occurred at intervals of 100-150 years along the Nankai subduction zone since the 684 Hakuho earthquake (Fig. 1.2). However, a large earthquake (M>7.5) has…