Radiative hydrodynamic simulations of the spectral characteristics of solar white-light flares

As one of the most violent activities in the solar atmosphere,white-light flares(WLFs)are generally known for their enhanced white-light(or continuum)emission,which primarily originates in the solar lower atmosphere.However,we know little about how white-light emission is produced.In this study,we aim to investigate the response of the continua at 3600?and 4250?and also the Hαand Lyαlines during WLFs modeled using radiative hydrodynamic simulations.We take non-thermal electron beams as the energy source for the WLFs in two different initial atmospheres and vary their parameters.Our results show that the model with non-thermal electron beam heating clearly shows enhancements in the continua at 3600?and 4250?as well as in the Hαand Lyαlines.A larger electron beam flux,a smaller spectral index,or an initial penumbral atmosphere leads to a stronger emission increase at 3600?,4250?and in the Hαline.The Lyαline,however,is more obviously enhanced in a quiet-Sun initial atmosphere with a larger electron beam spectral index.It is also notable that the continua at 3600?and 4250?and the Hαline exhibit a dimming at the start of heating and reach their peak emissions after the peak time of the heating function,while the Lyαline does not show such behaviors.These results can serve as a reference for the analysis of future WLF observations.     

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF VARIATION OF SO2 AND AEROSOL PARTICLE BACKGROUND CONCENTRATIONS IN THE EASTERN CHINA

The average concentrations of sulphur dioxide,sulfate aerosol and TSP were about 8-10 ppb,15.08 μg m^-3,and 241.40 μg m^-3 respectively,which were measured at the Lin'an regional background station during August-November,1991.The higher concentrations of SO₂ and SO₄^2- maybe acidify the rainfall.It has a great influence upon the human health and ecosystem.The simulated results indicate that the distributions of SO₂ and SO₄^2- were determined by local emission sources.Average aerosol particle number density was 2.0×10⁴ cm^-3.It shows that social development and human activities strongly affect the atmospheric background level.     

渤海地温场特点的初步研究

渤海位于华北断块区的东部,是华北古生代地台之上发育起来的中、新代断陷盆地,是陆上埕宁隆起和辽河、黄骅及济阳三大拗陷的自然延伸地带。渤海海域的地热特点,一直为人们所关注。在研究渤海的形成和演化时,有人对渤中凹陷的地热状况作了推论;有人根据少量的地热资料认为渤海及其邻近地区是一个高热流异常区。我们根据渤海海域的地温数据,和近年对华北平原地温场的研究结果进行对比,着重对本区地壳浅部的地热状况进行分析和讨论,提出一些初步的看法。     

Deep Tectonophysical Process of the Uplift of the Northern Qinghai--Tibet Plateau--Evidence from the Integrated Geological--Geophysical Profile from Golmud to the Tanggula Mountains, Qinghai Province, China

The tectonic activities occurring since the Cenozoic in the northern part of theQinghai-Tibet Plateau (the region from the East Kunlun Mountains to the Tanggula Mountains)were probably caused by the intense intraplate deformation propagation after the collision be-tween the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate. Their main expressions include the substantial up-lifting of the plateau, alternation of horizontal extension and compression under the verticalgreatest principal stress σ_1, occurrence of rift-type volcanic activity, formation of thebasin-range system, and successive eastward extrusion of blocks resulting from large-scalestrike-slip faulting. Geophysical exploration and experiments have revealed that there exist close-ly alternating horizontal high-velocity and low-velocity layers as well as lithospheric faults of aleft-lateral strike-slip sense in the lower part of the lithosphere (the lower crust and lithosphericmantle, 60-120 km deep). Based on an integrated study of the geological-geophysical data avail-able, the authors have proposed a model of deep-seated mantle diapir and the associatedtectonophysical process as the dynamic source for the uplift of the northern part of theQinghai-Tibet Plateau.     

近年来我国地热学的研究与展望

简要回顾了近年来我国地热研究的现状及取得的重要进展，包括大地热流、岩石层热状态、地壳-上地慢热结构、地热与气候变化、灾害环境以及矿山地热、油田地热、地热资源等；并从固体地球科学发展动向及国民经济需求两个方面，展望我国理论地热学和应用地热学研究的今后发展方向     

Model for Paleoearthquake Recurrence Along Baying Segment of the North Margin Fault of Fanshan Basin in Hebei Province

Based on the measurement of faulted geomorphic surfaces,large trench logging and systematic chronostratigraphic sampling,we suggest that the total slip amount along the Baying segment of the north margin fault of Fanshan Basin since 90 ka B.P.is 34 m.Nine paleoseismic events occurred in the last 75 ka.Among them,the four events A,B,C,and D revealed by the large trench were dated at 28 ka,14 ka,7.5 ka,and 656 B.P.,respectiv eJy.The model for paleoearthquake recurrence along the segment may have two stages; in the stage from 90 ka to 14 ka B.P.,the "time-predictable model" is suitable,while in the stage from 14 ka B.P.to now,the "displacement-attenuation model" applies.     

Adjoint sensitivity analyses on the anomalous circulation features in East Asian summer monsoon

The concept of optimal sensitivity perturbation (OSP) is developed based on adjoint sensitivity analysis theory. The persistent anomalous features in East Asian summer monsoon system, including the Ural blocking, the Okhotsk Sea dipole blocking and the variations of subtropical high are analyzed and the OSP for each of them evaluated. The results provide us with some new insight into the most significant influential factors for these features. It also demon-strates the great potential for further applications of this method in diagnostics of atmospheric processes     

Climatology and Interannual Variability of the Southeast Asian Summer Monsoon

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A study on dynamical features of air-sea coupling waves in the tropics

The dynamical features of air-sea coupling waves and their stabilities in a simple coupled air-sea model in the tropics have been studied with respect to interaction occurring among different types of the free waves in the o-cean and in the atmosphere. It is pointed out that there exist a stable and an unstable air-sea interaction modes in the tropical coupled system , respectively. The propagation of the unstable mode relies greatly on the zonal space scale, i. e. only for wave length ranging from 5 000 km to 10 000 km can the disturbance unstably move slowly eastward. The waves that slowly propagate unstably eastward agree well with the observational facts. Finally,it is also proposed that the interaction between Kelvin wave in one medium and Rossby wave in another medium is a necessary condition for the occurrence of destabilization of the coupled air-sea system in the tropics.     

A preliminary study on stocks of round scad Decapterus maruadsi from Minnan-Taiwan Bank Fishing Ground

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