极干旱地区土壤与大气水分的相互影响

基于建立在莫高窟窟顶的密闭拱棚,通过监测棚内凝结水量和空气温湿度,对极干旱地区典型极干旱气候条件下土壤与大气水分的相互影响进行综合分析。棚内凝结水量和空气温湿度的监测结果表明,在热动力作用下存在地下水分向大气输送的过程,其原因主要是在温度作用下土壤结合水分的分解蒸发与土壤盐分的吸湿吸附的交替作用。这也是形成所谓"土壤凝结水分"与"土壤水分呼吸"的根源。当温度升高时,土壤结合水分分解蒸发"呼出"水分,当温度降低时土壤盐分吸湿吸附,"吸入"大气水分,形成土壤与大气不对称水分交流。称质量实验表明:土壤水分的变化与空气温度的变化完全对应;有深层水分支持的土壤吸收大气水分的能力相对较差。极干旱地区土壤与大气水分的相互影响研究结果能为莫高窟珍贵文物的保护提供参考。     

新疆查岗诺尔铁矿地质特征及成矿期次划分

新疆和静县查岗诺尔铁矿床位于伊犁微板块北缘博罗科努岛弧带.矿区广泛出露石炭纪火山岩.该矿床由6个矿体组成,其中FeⅠ矿体为该铁矿床的主要矿体.主要矿石矿物磁铁矿的化学成分组成中,Fe2O3含量与SiO2含量大致呈此消彼长关系.矿区的主要矿物共生组合为磁铁矿+石榴石+阳起石(绿帘石)组合.矿床大致可以分为2个成矿时期和5个成矿阶段,即隐爆-矿浆成矿时期的矿浆成矿阶段和热液成矿阶段;隐爆-热液成矿期的磁铁矿-石榴石阶段、阳起石-绿帘石阶段和石英-碳酸盐阶段.矿床成因属于受到热液作用叠加改造的火山岩型铁矿床.     

Optimization of conditions for tetraspore release and assessment of photosynthetic activities for different generation branches of Gracilaria lemaneiformis Bory

Gracilaria lemaneiformis Bory is an economically important alga that is primarily used for agar production. Although tetraspores are ideal seeds for the cultivation of G. lemaneiformis, the most popular culture method is currently based on vegetative fragments, which is labor-intensive and time-consuming. In this study, we optimized the conditions for tetraspore release and evaluated the photosynthetic activities of different colonies formed from the branches of G. lemaneiformis using a PAM (pulse-amplitude-modulated) measuring system. The results showed that variations in temperature and salinityhad significant effects on tetraspore yield. However, variations in the photon flux density (from 15 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ to 480 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹) had no apparent effect on tetraspore yield. Moreover, the PAM-parameters Y(I), Y(II), ETR(I), ETR(II) and F _v/F _m of colonies formed from different branches showed the same trend: parameter values of first generation branches>second generation branches>third generation branches. These results suggest that the photosynthetic activities of different colonies of branches changed with the same trend. Furthermore, photosynthesis in G. lemaneiformis was found to be involved in vegetative reproduction and tetraspore formation. Finally, the first generation branches grew slowly, but accumulated organic compounds to form large numbers of tetraspores. Taken together, these results showed that the first generation branches are ideal materials for the release of tetraspores.     

Effects of rearing temperature and density on growth, survival and development of sea cucumber larvae, Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka)

In laboratory conditions, effects of rearing temperature and stocking density were examined on hatching of fertilized egg and growth of auricularia larvae of Apostichopus japonicus respectively. Data series like larval length and density, metamorphic time, and survival rate of the larvae were recorded. Statistics showed that for A. japonicus, survival rate (from fertilized egg to late auricularia) decreased significantly with the increasing rearing temperature (P<0.05). At different temperatures SGR was statistically significant as well (P<0.05) from day 1, and maximal SGR was found on day 9 at 24°C (159.26±3.28). This study clearly indicated that at low temperature (<24°C), metamorphic rate was remarkably higher than at higher temperature (>26°C). Hatching rate was significantly different between 0.2–5 ind./ml groups and 20–50 ind./ml groups. Rearing larvae at the higher density had the smaller maximal-length, whereas needed longer time to complete metamorphosis. This study suggested that 21°C and 0.4 ind./ml can be used as the most suitable rearing temperature and stocking density for large -scale artificial breeding of A. japonicus’s larvae.     

机器学习在人工增雨效果统计检验中的应用

利用福建省古田人工增雨试验基地2014年1月—2023年1月小时自然降水数据,结合线性拟合、多项式回归和样条回归等多种数学统计方法,开展决策树、支持向量机(SVM)和卷积神经网络(CNN)3种机器学习方法在估测目标区自然降水中的应用研究。目标区和对比区自然雨量关系模型对比结果表明:以区域平均面雨量为统计变量时,CNN和四项式回归效果相对较好,其中CNN的确定系数为0.516,均方根误差为1.097 mm;对平均面雨量进行六次方根变换后,各模型的精准度大幅提升,CNN表现最优,确定系数为0.658,其次为SVM;为克服目标区和对比区雨量时间序列效应及空间分布不均等问题,以面雨量空间格点数据作为研究对象,采用CNN 3种优化器(自适应矩估计、均方根传递和梯度随机下降)算法进行对比,发现基于自适应矩估计优化器建立目标区和对比区雨量关系模型最优,其降水估测值与实测值更接近,均方根误差最小,为0.61 mm。因此,利用CNN方法能够进一步优化目标区和对比区雨量关系模型,可为定量评估人工增雨效果提供参考。     

深部流体在成矿过程中作用

没有流体作用几乎不可能形成任何有实际意义的矿床,流体是岩石圈质量和能量传输最为活跃的因素(刘建明等,1997),在成矿过程中扮演着十分重要的角色,它是成矿物质得以活化、迁移、富集的主要介质,同时流体的运移还能扩展有利的成矿空间(徐光平等,1999).     

陕西青山金矿矿床稀土元素地球化学

1 成矿地质背景研究区大地构造位置位于扬子板块早古生代被动大陆北缘,向南靠近区域东西向山阳-牛耳川大断裂,大断裂以南为南秦岭印支褶皱带;北侧以商丹大断裂与北秦岭加里东褶皱带相隔.     

旅游地国内客源市场空间结构的高铁效应

高铁"时空压缩"效应对游客出游空间产生明显作用,进而影响到旅游地客源市场空间结构。以京沪高铁线的济南和泰山以及武广高铁线的武汉和衡山为例,从旅游地吸引空间范围、旅游地空间使用曲线、旅游地对客源地空间吸引力等3方面,实证研究高铁对旅游地国内客源市场空间结构影响。研究结果表明:①高铁开通提高了旅游地的客源市场半径,辐射范围更广;②高铁开通使近程客源市场份额明显下降,但750~1 000 km空间范围的客源市场增长明显,旅游地60%的客源市场空间范围有显著向外拓展的趋势;③高铁对旅游地客源市场吸引力提高具有显著促进作用,且距旅游地空间距离越大,客源市场空间吸引力变化越显著。     

库车坳陷克拉苏河新生代沉积岩磁组构特征与古流向分析

塔里木盆地库车坳陷克拉苏河沿岸发育良好的新生界地层.我们对克拉苏河沿岸新生界剖面分A、B两段进行系统采样,获得定向岩芯样品1700余块. 岩石磁学研究表明,新生代沉积岩中磁性矿物以赤铁矿为主,含有少量磁铁矿;磁组构测试结果显示,两段剖面磁面理均较磁线理发育,最小磁化率主轴近于直立,显示原生沉积组构. A剖面磁化率主轴к₁的偏角指示古流向. 库姆格列木群沉积时的古水流方向为NEE-SWW向,至苏维依组沉积时,流向变为NNE-SSW向. 河流古流向在苏维依组形成时发生急剧变化,说明南天山此时可能发生了明显的隆升,且以北西部隆升为主;B剖面为吉迪克组、康村组和库车组粗粒碎屑岩,磁组构显示к₁-к₂构成的磁面理与层理面小角度相交,к₃呈叠瓦状分布,可以用来指示古水流方向.从吉迪克组至库车组下段,古流向均为NNW-SSE,但逐渐偏东,暗示天山在此期间处于缓慢的隆升期或东西部处于同步隆升,且西部隆升速度快于东部.     

测绘工程专业“四维渗透式”实践教学改革研究

测绘工程专业“四维渗透式”实践教学改革是在科学思维与科学方法指导下,以学生的自主性、探索性学习为基础,以学生科学思维和科学方法为导向,以测绘专业建设为出发点,以测绘专业实践教学改革为核心指导思想,打破传统的实践教学改革.以河南理工大学测绘学院测绘工程专业的实践教学为例,首先介绍传统测绘实践教学弊端,构建以创新能力为本位的“四维渗透式”人才培养模式的内容及特色.结果表明,它是一种新型的可促进学生积极主动参与实验的实践教学方法改革.