永胜台对汶川8.0级地震的倾斜响应与异常分析

2008年汶川8.0级地震发生前,云南永胜水管倾斜测值北南向出现将近一年大幅度趋势南倾异常,东西向自2007年7月向西倾变化,且速率比以往快。在排除气压、降雨等干扰因素影响后,通过异常形态、持续时间、观测点所处构造,分析了该异常与汶川地震的关系,结果表明在强地震孕育阶段,永胜水管倾斜有长期趋势异常。     

青藏高等级公路斜插式热棒路基降温效果数值分析

以青海共和至玉树高等级公路中的实际设计断面为模型,通过数值模拟研究斜插式热棒路基和斜插式热棒-XPS复合路基的降温效果。结果表明,在气候变暖背景下,两种路基在一定时期内可以降低其下部多年冻土温度,提高路基下冻土上限,但随着气温逐渐升高,两种路基反压护道下多年冻土中有融化核出现,并且斜插式热棒路基下多年冻土中及斜插式热棒-XPS复合路基填土中有融化核出现;增加XPS保温板,在一定时期内可以提升斜插式热棒路基的降温能力,使斜插式热棒-XPS复合路基降温效果优于斜插式热棒路基,且前者冻土上限始终高于后者,但对于增强其长期降温的效果并不显著。     

方寸中的气象卫星

天气预报是一项浩大的工程,气象专业人员必须仔细分析由全球各地同时记录下来的气象观测结果,才能准确预测出未来的天气,单靠一处气象观测数据,是无法让气象专业人员推断出未来天气变化的。     

堆石料状态相关弹塑性本构模型

堆石料的强度变形特性与初始孔隙及应力状态等因素相关。建立了能够预测不同初始孔隙与初始围压影响的堆石料弹塑性本构模型。在剑桥类本构模型框架内,模型能够反映随着孔隙与围压的增大,变形特性由剪胀趋于剪缩的规律。模型采用了基于颗粒体材料细观结构变化的屈服函数和非关联流动准则,提出了能够反映堆石料正常固结线不唯一的硬化参数。为了反映状态相关性,假定堆石料存在唯一的临界状态面,探讨了考虑状态相关性需要满足的数学条件,从而对剪胀方程与硬化参数进行了修正。提出了基于粒子群优化算法的模型参数快速确定方法,将某筑坝堆石料不同初始孔隙比与围压条件下模型预测结果与三轴试验结果对比,验证了模型的合理性。     

甘肃阳坝铜多金属矿床流体包裹体及S、Pb同位素组成特征

甘肃省阳坝铜多金属矿床位于碧口地体的东北部,矿体呈层状、似层状赋存于碧口群阳坝组细碧凝灰岩和凝灰质千枚岩的过渡部位,根据矿床地质特征,将成矿期划分为海底火山喷流沉积期和变质热液叠加改造期。基于对阳坝矿床详细的野外观察和矿相学的研究,通过对矿床流体包裹体和S、Pb同位素的研究,总结矿床的成矿流体性质和成矿物质来源,探讨成矿机制。研究表明,阳坝矿床海底火山喷流沉积期流体包裹体类型主要为水溶液包裹体,成矿流体均一温度为135～336℃,盐度w(NaCl_(eq))为0.70%～10.61%,密度为0.58～0.97g/cm~3;包裹体气相成分以H_2O为主,含少量的CO_2和N_2,属于中低温、低盐度的H_2O-NaCl流体体系,与典型VMS型矿床成矿流体特征相似;变质热液叠加改造期流体包裹体类型主要为水溶液包裹体、CO_2-H_2O包裹体和纯CO_2包裹体,成矿流体均一温度为179～384℃,盐度w(NaCl_(eq))为3.39%～14.78%,密度为0.61～0.99 g/cm~3,包裹体气相成分富含CO_2及少量N_2,属于中高温、低盐度的H_2O-CO_2-NaCl±N_2流体体系,与区域上造山型金矿成矿流体特征一致,均为来自深部的变质流体。喷流沉积期矿石硫化物的δ~(34)S为-7.5‰～3.4‰,均值为-0.46‰,成矿热液δ~(34)S_(∑S)值≈3.73‰,变质热液叠加改造期硫化物的δ~(34)S为-6.7‰～3.3‰,均值-0.575‰,均显示幔源硫的特征。喷流沉积期(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=17.505～18.008、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.521～15.558、~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=37.494～37.851)与变质热液叠加改造期(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=17.293～17.947、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.498～15.542、~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=37.388～37.640)的矿石硫化物的Pb同位素组成相近,认为2期矿石铅具有相同来源。通过与阳坝组火山岩、阳坝岩体的Pb同位素组成对比,并结合Pb同位素源区特征值、构造模式图解和△β-△γ成因分类图解分析,认为矿石铅来自上地壳和地幔的混合。阳坝铜多金属矿床属于海底火山喷流沉积-变质热液叠加改造型矿床。     

智利Candelaria-Punta del Cobre铁氧化物铜金矿床地质和成矿作用

智利Copiapó附近海岸东部边缘有一宽5km、长20km的铁氧化物铜金矿床带,包括Candelaria矿床和位于其北东方向3km处的Punta del Cobre矿集区的中小型矿床。初步估计,该成矿带的铜矿石资源量可达7×108~8×10~8t(含铜量1%)。矿石矿物主要为黄铜矿、黄铁矿、磁铁矿、赤铁矿。矿石产状为脉状、角砾状、细脉状等。含矿围岩主要为Punta del Cobre组的火山岩及火山碎屑岩。该矿带中大部分大型矿脉位于北西—北北西向高角度脆性断层与块状火山岩和火山碎屑岩接触带交汇处。Candelairia矿区主要发育黑云母-钾长石±钙角闪石±绿帘石蚀变矿物组合。在Punta del Cobr矿集区,矿床深部的矿石围岩蚀变情况与Candelairia地区一致,但是浅部的矿石赋存于黑云母-钾长石或钠长石-绿泥石±方解石蚀变带中。     

破难题 解民忧 努力促进社会和谐建设——土地信访和维权维稳工作调研报告

近年来,随着我县经济社会的发展,用地历史遗留问题越来越多地浮出了水面,因时过境迁,政策变更,套用现有政策已无法解决大部分历史遗留问题,由此而引发的信访问题也屡见不鲜,无可置疑,历史遗留问题已成为我县当前国土资源管理工作的热点、难点。为维护群众利益,促进社会和谐建设,2007年以来,我局党委以开展“走进矛盾、破解难题”、“矛盾纠纷排解年”、“作风建设年”、“树新形象、创新业绩”等活动为契机,将解决历史遗留问题列为各专项活动重点,克难攻艰。     

西北地区东部一次持续性暴雨的成因分析

分析了西北地区东部一次副高西北侧西南气流型的暴雨过程.结果表明,这次暴雨是中α和中β尺度对流云团引发的强对流性降水.青藏高原云团移到川西北后出现更新,老云团消亡时在其前方有新云团生成.冷锋云带到达甘肃河东地区后,其前缘也触发对流云团,受四川盆地强水汽输送带影响,新云团一般生成在水汽输送带左侧.强雨区产生在冷锋云带与对流云团结合时,对流云团的发展是水汽输送及天气系统辐合和有利的局地环境条件如双层对流不稳定加地形等多因子综合作用的结果.区域性暴雨出现在冷锋云带与对流云团叠加区,这里降水效率高.强雨区大多位于对流云团的西北或东北部与冷锋云带结合处.     

Macro-and Micro-Structures of Heavy Fogs and Visibility in the Dayaoshan Expressway

Belonging to the southern subtropical moist type of monsoon climate,the Nanling mountainous area experiences heavy fogs whenever quasi-stationary fronts appear there from September to May.There can be as many as 15-18 days of heavy fogs per month.Fogs have more serious consequences in the Lechang-Ruyuan section of the Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway(the longest expressway in China)that passes through the main part of the Nanling Mts.,where the road rises from 200m to more than 800m above sea level(ASL).For a major motorway in the mountainous areas of Nanling Mts.,two multidisciplinary integrated field observations were carried out,which measured visibility by the naked eyes,visibility by instrument,spectrum of fog- drops,liquid water content(LWC)of fog,tethered sounding,dual-parameter low-level sounding,turbulence diffusion within fog layers,aerosol spectra of size and composition,sampled fog water compositions,and sampled rainwater compositions.Typical cases were probed for their analyses of synoptics,micro- and macro-structures and microphysics.It is understood that heavy fogs take place with high frequency in the area and bring about serious consequences.Being typical advection and upslope fogs,they are in essence low-lying clouds appearing at high altitudes,which are closely related with the activity of South China frontal processes,especially the South China quasi-stationary fronts,and reflect on the role of local terrain as well.The heavy fogs are characteristic of long duration,extremely low visibility,well-organized lump- shaped structure,large-size fog-drops,moderate concentration,high LWC,and stronger turbulent diffusion within the fog layers than in fine sky.They differ much from radiation fogs,which are better documented in previous study in China.It is found that fog LWC is in significant anti-correlation with visibility so that large LWC is associated with small visual range.It is also noted that one of the reasons for the fluctuation of characteristic quantities of micro-structure such as the LWC of fog in the area is,in addition to the inhomogeneous structure of the fog itself,the effect of advection and inhomogeneous underlying surface; during the translation of fog with the ambient wind,irregular upslope and cross-over movement is another reason for the inhomogeneous structure and fluctuation of fog.The spectrum of the aerosol size displays itself as the power function of monotonous descent.The concentration of submicrometer particles is even higher.The high-concentration sulfate particles found in the aerosols of Nanling Mts.are actually good nuclei for condensation,which are favorable for the formation of fog.The presence of fog can help cleanse the trace compositions in the atmosphere so that fog droplets contain high levels of polluting elements.In the meantime,compared to cloud droplets,fog droplets are easier to be captured by the vertical surfaces of objects on the land surface,such as vegetation and buildings to constitute another kird of cleansing process. In vast stretches of forest like the Nanling Mts.,this kind of cleansing may be quite important.Studying the characteristic variation of fogs in the area realistically assists in setting up a forecast and warning system for local fogs and provides basic information for fog dispersal experiments.     

澧阳平原晚更新世晚期至全新世早中期环境演变及其对人类活动的影响

通过对澧阳平原野外调查,多剖面地层对比分析及岩板垱（YBD）剖面样品的粒度、地球化学元素分析和年代测定,揭示该区晚更新世晚期至全新世早中期环境演变,并探讨其对人类活动的影响。研究结果表明,30~6 ka B.P.间,澧阳平原由冲沟发育的黄土台地向河湖发育的平原丘岗地貌过渡;气候环境经历了弱暖湿-气候变差-凉湿-波动回暖-暖湿的变化;更新世末至全新世早期稻作农业的出现与该区的环境条件和文化基础密切相关;环境演变也推动了古人类活动范围和聚落特征的变化。