沥青包裹体的拉曼光谱特征

对石油中的沥青质组分进行了拉曼光谱分析,发现有两种不同的拉曼光谱特征的沥青质:一是具碳质拉曼特征峰的沥青质,二是无碳质拉曼特征峰的沥青质,将前者称为碳质沥青质.对储集砂岩中的深色沥青质包裹体拉曼分析并据其拉曼光谱图特征将这类包裹体分为三种类型:含碳质沥青包裹体、碳质沥青包裹体和沥青包裹体.如果烃包裹体形成后经历了地质构造应力而破裂和地热作用而发生轻组分移出,就形成了沥青包裹体;若再经地质高温变质作用而发生了碳化,就形成碳质沥青包裹体;若只经历地质高温变质作用而发生碳化,组分热解但未移出,可能会形成含碳质沥青包裹体.     

山东金伯利岩同位素地球化学特征的初步研究

本文对山东省蒙阴地区金伯利岩及金刚石,分别就sm-Nd、Rb-sr、C、O等同位素特征进行了初步研究。提出山东金伯利岩与世界其它地区一些金伯利岩中产出的金刚石,其δ~(13)C值完全一致,并认为金刚石的碳来源于上地幔,金刚石的的生长是不连续的。通过对金伯利岩Sm、Nd、Rb、Sr等的研究认为,山东金伯利岩来源于富集型上地幔,且有向亏损型上地幔转换的趋势;山东金伯利岩的岩石类型复杂多样,除金伯利岩自身原因外,另一原因是金伯利岩在上侵过程中与壳层岩石发生了同位素的强烈交代混染作用。     

近50a河池市日照时数空间变化特征分析

基于河池市10个气象站1961-2010年的日照时数数据,采用线性趋势分析、逐步回归分析等方法,依托GIS技术对河池市近50a日照时数的气候倾向率、年代际变化趋势进行分析。结果表明:河池南部及东南部的都安、宜州、巴马、大化县的年日照时数较多(大于1200h),北部及西北部的天峨、南丹、环江县的北部年日照时数较少(小于1000h);全市各地区的年日照时数变化速率值在-82.66 h/10a～19.8 h/10a之间;河池各县的日照时数年代际变化特征各不相同,其中东兰、凤山和都安大部地区的年日照时数的四个年代都是呈现下降的变化趋势。     

EVALUATION OF CORRECTIONS ON TURBULENT FLUXES OBTAINED BY EDDY COVARIANCE METHOD IN HIGH WINDS

This paper investigates processing of fast-response data and corrections of turbulent fluxes obtained by using eddy covariance method based on data collected at an offshore observation tower during three Cold-intrusion(CI)events in the South China Sea in 2010. This study presents the data processing procedure in detail and compares frictional velocities(u*), sensible heat fluxes(H) and latent heat fluxes(LE) yielded by using different averaging periods and different coordinate rotation methods; evaluates the sonic temperature correction for sensible heat flux and the Webb correction for latent heat flux as a function of 10 m wind speed(u10) during the CIs. The results show(1) that the different averaging periods of 30 min and 10 min cause biases of u*(H, LE) within 5%(15%, 62%). The values of u*(H,LE) averaged from 30 mins are mostly larger than those averaged from 10 mins. We suggest that the averaging period of 10 min is not sufficiently long to capture all scale eddies and recommend 30 min averaging period in calculating turbulent fluxes using eddy covariance method during CIs;(2) that the values of u*(H, LE) obtained from double rotation(DR2) and those obtained from planar fit rotation(PF) have good agreements and correlation coefficients between them are larger than 0.99. Because PF method requires unchanged environment and it is easier to apply DR2 method, we suggest DR2 coordinate rotation method in processing fast-response data; and(3) that the median values of frictional velocity(sensible heat flux and latent heat flux) binned according to 2 m s~(-1) intervals of u_(10) increase(decrease,increase) by less than 9%(4%, 10%) by Coriolis corrections(sonic temperature corrections, Webb corrections), which decreases(decreases, increases) with increasing u10 when u10 are 5-17 m s~(-1).     

通过数据挖掘调查气候变化的长期趋势及其因区域和地方环境而产生的空间差异（英文）

Climate change is a global phenomenon but is modified by regional and local environmental conditions.Moreover,climate change exhibits remarkable cyclical oscillations and disturbances,which often mask and distort the long-term trends of climate change we would like to identify.Inspired by recent advancements in data mining,we experimented with empirical mode decomposition(EMD) technique to extract long-term change trends from climate data.We applied GIS elevation model to construct 3 D EMD trend surface to visualize spatial variations of climate change over regions and biomes.We then computed various time-series similarity measures and plot them to examine spatial patterns across meteorological stations.We conducted a case study in Inner Mongolia based on daily records of precipitation and temperature at 45 meteorological stations from 1959 to 2010.The EMD curves effectively illustrated the long-term trends of climate change.The EMD 3 D surfaces revealed regional variations of climate change,while the EMD similarity plots disclosed cross-station deviations.In brief,the change trends of temperature were significantly different from those of precipitation.Noticeable regional patterns and local disturbances of the changes in both temperature and precipitation were identified.The trends of change were modified by regional and local topographies and land covers.     

深圳房屋建筑桩基础桩端持力层选择及入岩深度分析

结合深圳地区多年来施工房屋建筑桩基础的经验,讨论了有关深圳地区房屋建筑桩基础桩端持力层的选择和入岩深度问题,并提出了相关建议.     

京津冀协同发展的机制创新与区域政策研究

机制创新与区域政策是政府对区域发展的方向、目标、速度、格局和路径进行调控的政策手段。本文探讨了机制创新与区域政策在京津冀协同发展中的保障作用,强调京津冀协同发展必须正确处理好公平与效率的关系、人与自然的关系。根据京津冀协同发展近中期的主要任务,提出了当前机制创新与区域政策应重点服务于：有序疏解北京非首都功能、优化产业结构与空间布局、构建一体化的现代交通网络、促进基本公共服务均等化、加强生态环境保护五大方面;并基于长远和全局视角,阐述了京津冀协同发展的机制创新与宏观区域政策,包括：区域产业协同发展机制与政策、区域要素市场一体化机制与政策、区域协同创新机制与政策、区域公共服务共建共享机制与政策和区域横向生态补偿机制与政策。这些政策旨在为推动京津冀协同发展提供决策参考依据。     

前兆地电阻率资料处理的剥皮法

在台址下电阻率分层均匀的前提下，针对我国绝大多数前兆地电台单极距观测的事实与现状，提出一种试图从这种观测所获得的视电阻率时间序列中识别电阻率表层变化和深部变化的等效模型方法．分析表明，在保持布极方式和观测结果不变的前提下，任意多层的地电结构都可以视为一个二层地电结构——等效模型．本文中，等效模型上层的地电参数（电阻率和厚度）与实际模型第一层相同，下层的地电参数（电阻率）则根据等效要求，由实际模型第二层及其以下各层的地电参数经计算得到，因此，等效模型的下层包含了实际模型第二层及其以下各层的综合影响．初步研究表明，这种方法是可行的．      

福建省新世纪可持续发展的问题与对策

福建省是我国沿海地区改革开放以来经济发展迅速的省区之一。可持续发展作为我国跨世纪的基本战略,对21世纪福建省经济和社会同人口、资源、生态环境的协调发展具有重要的指导意义。本文对影响福建省今后20年可持续发展的若干重大问题,如经济的可持续发展、投资环境建设与扩大对外开放、城镇化与大中小城市的协调发展、自然资源的合理开发利用、环境保护与生态建设以及缩小区域发展差距等问题作了较深入的分析,并提出相应的对策     

贵州安龙海子农场下岔河CK_2孔的孢粉组合及古气候

安龙海子农场下岔河CK2孔的孢粉分析有55个科属,蕨类孢子及木本花粉较多.古植被由疏树蕨类(喜热的蕨类)——以松为优势的针阔叶混交林—针阔叶混交林.气候由温暖—温凉—温暧转干.其地质时代,在孔深5.27—5.61m处的泥炭层中,经~(14)C测定为5990±210a.B.P.