复杂群岛海域海浪数值模拟方法及试验

在复杂群岛海域海浪模拟中,发展一种综合利用水深数据和高分辨率海岸线数据优化计算网格和在海浪数值计算中引入次网格地形效应的方法,充分描述多岛屿复杂地形分布对海浪模拟的影响.通过理想试验和实际应用表明:采用该方法后.在计算网格分辨率水平上,充分考虑了海岸和多岛屿地形对海浪传播的作用和多岛屿的次网格效应.数值计算结果有明显改善.     

数字式主动声呐研制的初步探索

首先介绍数字式主动声呐的优点及实现上的特殊困难．采用时间相关积累信号处理方法，可以克服海洋背景噪声和船只自噪声的干扰，并具有强烈的抗起伏性能．在垂直向下探测或短距离、高频探测等特殊条件下，依混响的衰减规律，由微机组成精确的灵敏度时间控制网络，可以抑制混响的影响，并大大地简化了目标识别的难题．回声测深仪、垂直探鱼仪及本文介绍的浅海航行暗礁障碍探测仪的研制和海上实验，说明了这个结论．     

南印度洋中尺度涡统计特征及三维合成结构研究

南印度洋是海洋中尺度涡的多发区域。本文利用卫星高度计资料及Argo浮标资料,对南印度洋（10°~35°S, 50°~120°E）区域中尺度涡的分布、表观特征等进行了统计分析,采用合成方法,构建了该区域中尺度涡的三维温盐结构。结果表明,涡旋频率呈明显的纬向带状分布,在18°~30°S存在一个明显的涡旋频率带状高值区;涡旋半径具有由南至北逐渐增大的趋势;长周期涡旋在其生命周期内,半径、涡动能、涡能量密度、涡度等性质均经历了先增大而后减小的过程;涡旋以西向运动为主,在经向上移动距离较小,长周期气旋（反气旋）涡具有明显的偏向极地（赤道）移动的倾向;涡旋平均移动速度为5.9 cm/s,速度大小大致沿纬向呈带状分布。在混合层以下,气旋涡（反气旋涡）内部分别呈现明显的温度负（正）异常,且分别存在两个位温负（正）异常的冷（暖）核结构;气旋涡（反气旋涡）整体上呈现"正-负"（"负-正"）上下层相反的盐度异常结构。中尺度涡对温盐的平均影响深度可达1 000×104 Pa以上。     

信息时代的地图美学研究

长期以来,地图研究精于技术,忽略了美学问题的探索。简要阐述地图美学概念,归纳总结地图美学特征。通过对比传统地图和信息时代地图,指出二者美学因素的不同之处。分析预测未来地图的发展趋势,对美学因素如何指导未来地图创作进行探讨。     

甘肃岷县寨上金矿床流体包裹体研究

寨上金矿位于著名的"陕-甘-川"金三角范围内的礼-岷金成矿带上,是近年来在西秦岭发现的又一大型微细浸染型金矿床.矿床自发现以来显示出良好的勘探前景,深入研究成矿流体性质对矿床成因认识和深部找矿勘探有重要意义.     

基于VB的电子水准数据转换

本文主要介绍了用VB语言编制的、能采用不同数据格式摘录数据的电子水准数据整理软件。     

Macro-and Micro-Structures of Heavy Fogs and Visibility in the Dayaoshan Expressway

Belonging to the southern subtropical moist type of monsoon climate,the Nanling mountainous area experiences heavy fogs whenever quasi-stationary fronts appear there from September to May.There can be as many as 15-18 days of heavy fogs per month.Fogs have more serious consequences in the Lechang-Ruyuan section of the Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway(the longest expressway in China)that passes through the main part of the Nanling Mts.,where the road rises from 200m to more than 800m above sea level(ASL).For a major motorway in the mountainous areas of Nanling Mts.,two multidisciplinary integrated field observations were carried out,which measured visibility by the naked eyes,visibility by instrument,spectrum of fog- drops,liquid water content(LWC)of fog,tethered sounding,dual-parameter low-level sounding,turbulence diffusion within fog layers,aerosol spectra of size and composition,sampled fog water compositions,and sampled rainwater compositions.Typical cases were probed for their analyses of synoptics,micro- and macro-structures and microphysics.It is understood that heavy fogs take place with high frequency in the area and bring about serious consequences.Being typical advection and upslope fogs,they are in essence low-lying clouds appearing at high altitudes,which are closely related with the activity of South China frontal processes,especially the South China quasi-stationary fronts,and reflect on the role of local terrain as well.The heavy fogs are characteristic of long duration,extremely low visibility,well-organized lump- shaped structure,large-size fog-drops,moderate concentration,high LWC,and stronger turbulent diffusion within the fog layers than in fine sky.They differ much from radiation fogs,which are better documented in previous study in China.It is found that fog LWC is in significant anti-correlation with visibility so that large LWC is associated with small visual range.It is also noted that one of the reasons for the fluctuation of characteristic quantities of micro-structure such as the LWC of fog in the area is,in addition to the inhomogeneous structure of the fog itself,the effect of advection and inhomogeneous underlying surface; during the translation of fog with the ambient wind,irregular upslope and cross-over movement is another reason for the inhomogeneous structure and fluctuation of fog.The spectrum of the aerosol size displays itself as the power function of monotonous descent.The concentration of submicrometer particles is even higher.The high-concentration sulfate particles found in the aerosols of Nanling Mts.are actually good nuclei for condensation,which are favorable for the formation of fog.The presence of fog can help cleanse the trace compositions in the atmosphere so that fog droplets contain high levels of polluting elements.In the meantime,compared to cloud droplets,fog droplets are easier to be captured by the vertical surfaces of objects on the land surface,such as vegetation and buildings to constitute another kird of cleansing process. In vast stretches of forest like the Nanling Mts.,this kind of cleansing may be quite important.Studying the characteristic variation of fogs in the area realistically assists in setting up a forecast and warning system for local fogs and provides basic information for fog dispersal experiments.     

大巴山大型钡成矿带的有机成矿作用

在扬子地块北缘大巴山一带的下寒武统硅岩建造中，既存在一大批重晶石矿床，又发育大量毒重石矿床，构成世界上极为罕见的大型钡成矿带。通过对矿床中岩矿石的热解、有机碳分析、氯仿沥青“A”抽提及生物标志化合物等分析获得以下认识：① 原生有机质应主要为海洋浮游生物、藻类和细菌类微生物衍化而成的腐泥型干酪根，母质应主要为蓝绿藻，极个别的混有陆源有机化合物；② 有机质演化受热和生物降解双重影响，处于高成熟到过成熟阶段；③ 矿石中Ba与有机碳含量具有负相关趋势，有机质成熟度越高，越利于Ba的富集；④ 沉积成矿作用发生在还原-弱氧化交替，封闭与开放变换的水体环境。⑤ 钡的超常富集，不仅是一个消耗大量有机碳的过程，而且是有机质成熟度不断加深的过程。     

赫章菱铁矿矿床构造应力场初析

贵州赫章铁矿包括铁矿山和菜园子两个沉积改造菱铁矿床.菱铁矿的赋存部位严格受一定地层层位及其相应的构造部位控制.地壳的构造运动可以为原生沉积菱铁矿床或含铁岩石提供改造动力来源;同时构造变形还为菱铁矿的就地改造富集提供了构造空间,使沉积改造的菱铁矿体能赋存在一定层位中更为有利的构造部位.构造应力场的分析与研究是地质力学的一个重要组成部分,运用地质力学的观点分析矿田、矿床的构造应力场将有助于对控矿构造的深入研究,这不仅对内生矿产有一定意义,通过对贵州西