全球地震台网超额完成其设计目标

今年，全球地震台网(GSN)已超额完成其以128个台站在世界范围内均匀覆盖地球的设计目标。通过与59个国家的100多个主管机构和地震台网的合作，总共136个GSN台站现已座落在从南极到西伯利亚、从亚马逊盆地到东北太平洋海底的广大地区(图1)。     

水库周边岩溶浸没——内涝灾害研究

水库周边岩溶浸没——内涝现象是水利水电建设的环境问题之一。八十年代以来,已在若干水库发生了此类现象,造成了一定的经济损失。本文以红水河岩滩水电站库区的内涝为典型事例,分析了岩溶浸没内涝的主要原因和形成条件。指出需要加强调查、观测、模拟试验研究等工作的重要性      

The DNA de-methylating agent 5-azacytidine does not restore CYP1A induction in PCB resistant Newark Bay killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus)

Newark Bay (NB) killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) have been chronically exposed to environmental contaminants that activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and are tolerant to toxic effects and CYP1A induction provoked by AHR ligands. Resistance to CYP1A induction could be due to an epigenetic mechanism such as DNA methylation. We measured in-ovo CYP1A catalytic activity (ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, EROD) in NB and reference site killifish embryos aqueously exposed to various concentrations of the de-methylating agent 5-azacytidine, 5-AC (5, 50 and 500 micro(micro)M) with or without 0.2 micro(micro)g/l of the CYP1A inducer 3,3',4,4',5 pentachlorobiphenyl (IUPAC PCB126). Neither PCB126 alone, nor PCB126 plus 5-AC, induced EROD above levels in vehicle treated Newark Bay fish. In reference site fish, the same PCB126 dose provoked a 7.4-fold EROD induction relative to controls. We conclude that Newark Bay killifish are resistant to CYP1A induction by co-planar PCBs during early embryological development and our data suggests that DNA methylation does not play a critical role in resistance to CYP1A induction in this model.     

基床的水下爆夯试验研究

分析了水下爆炸夯实基床的基本原理及作用机理，并应用于海南和帮码头基床的爆夯，取得预期的效果，表明基床的水下爆夯法有效，可行，具有广阔的应用前景。     

Diamonds and Highly Reduced Minerals from Chromitite of the Ray-Iz Ophiolite of the Polar Urals: Deep Origin of Podiform Chromitites and Ophiolitic Diamonds

<正>The Uralide orogenic belt is a major early Paleozoic suture zone extending more than 3000 km in a N-S direction,and geographically divides Europe from Asia(Chemenda et al.,1997).Ophiolites,podiform chromitites and high pressure metamorphic rocks are well developed in the orogenic belt(Leech and Ernst,2000).The Ray-Iz     

盐度及pH对黄鳍东方纯受精卵孵化和仔鱼活力的影响

比较了不同盐度（5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45）及pH条件（5.0、5.5、6.0、6.5、7.0、7.5、8.0、8.5、9.0、9.5）下黄鳍东方鲀受精卵的培育周期、孵化周期和孵化率,同时对黄鳍东方鲀初孵仔鱼进行耐饥饿试验,测定其不投饵存活系数SAI值。结果表明,黄鳍东方鲀受精卵孵化的适宜盐度范围是5.0-40.0,适宜pH范围是6.0-8.5;仔鱼生存的适宜盐度为5.0-45.0,适宜pH值是5.5-9.0。     

Chemical forms of Pb, Zn and Cu in the sediment profiles of the Pearl River Estuary

The chemical forms of heavy metals (Pb, Zn and Cu) in sediment cores of the Pearl River Estuary were studied using a sequential chemical extraction method. The isotope ratios of 206Pb/207Pb in various chemical fractions were also measured to assess the potential Pb sources. Zinc and Cu were mainly associated with the residual fraction. The Fe-Mn oxide and organic/sulphide fractions were the next important phases for Zn and Cu, respectively. For Pb, different chemical partitioning patterns were found among different sediment cores. Most Pb was associated with the residual fraction in the sediments. In some sediment profiles, the major phase of Pb in the top layers was the Fe-Mn oxide fraction. The proportion of Pb in the Fe-Mn oxide fraction decreased significantly with increasing depth. Among the different depths, the 206Pb/207Pb isotope ratios in the residual fraction remained fairly stable, with a mean value of 1.202, which may represent the natural background value. The 206Pb/207Pb ratios in the exchangeable fraction were the lowest among the five fractions, particularly in top sediments, showing the anthropogenic inputs of heavy metals from recent rapid industrial development in the surrounding region. For the other three non-residual fractions, there was a similar trend of increasing 206Pb/207Pb ratios down the profile. Results from this study are useful in assessing both the chemical changes for heavy metals in marine sediments and the potential of heavy metal release into the water environment of an estuary area.     

海南岛三亚三井珊瑚礁中稀土元素地球化学特征及其古气候意义

本文对海南岛三亚三井全新世形成的珊瑚礁中稀土元素进行了系统分析研究。结果表明，稀土元素具有明显分布特征：１．在井深４—７ｍ范围内，ΣＲＥＥ变化频繁；２．ＬＲＥＥ／ＨＲＥＥ的比值增大；３．Ｃｅ出现相对大的负异常。这些特征表明，在井深４—７ｍ范围内，珊瑚礁成岩环境频繁受到古气候变化的影响，径流和风化作用增强，并且出现了相对强的氧化环境。而径流和风化作用的增强及相对强的氧化环境的形成，通常由暧湿的古气候所致。说明珊瑚礁中稀土元素对古气候变化有良好的指示作用     

旱育稀植育秧田间小气候研究

研究旱育稀植育秧的田间小气候效应及对秧苗生长发育的影响，并以水稻衣秧为对照。结果表明：两种育秧方式的田间小气候变化差异明显，特别是在阴冷天气旱育秧增温保温效应更显著，旱育秧的生理性状明显优于水育秧，其抗寒性，抗旱性，抗逆性均比水育秧强，插后有很强的暴发力，同时根据本试验所得的资料，对旱育秧苗生长与积温的关系建立了其动态生长模拟模式，经检验，其模拟效果精确度很高。     

The Dynamics of ENSO Anomaly as Revealed in Ensemble Climate Simulations-Impact of Mean Stationary Wave

A series of climate ensemble experiments using the climate model from National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) were performed to exam impact of sea surface temperature (SST) on dynamics of El-Nino/South-crn Oscillation (ENSO).A specific question addressed in this paper is how important the mean stationary wave influences anomalous Rossby wave trains or teleconnection patterns as often observed during ENSO events.Evidences from those ensemble simulations argue that ENSO anomalies,especially over Pacific-North America (PNA) region,appear to be a result of modification for climatological mean stationary wave forced by persistent tropical SST anomalies Therefore,the role of SST forcing in maintaining climate basic state is emphasized.In this argument,the interaction between atmospheric internal dynamics and external forcing,such as SST is a key element to understand and ultimately predict ENSO.