不同类型天然气水合物真空分解过程实验研究

在放置于恒温室内的真空装置内,对合成的冰粉-气体水合物(包括甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、正丁烷-氮气、异丁烷、混合气水合物)、冰粉-不同粒度多孔介质甲烷水合物和祁连山冻土区及南海神狐海域天然气水合物进行了分解实验研究,初步探讨了不同气体水合物分解动力学特征和分解规律。实验结果表明,合成的冰粉-气体水合物的分解过程相似,除丙烷水合物和异丁烷水合物外,分解压力基本呈单调增长,均未出现明显的自保护效应;不同粒度多孔介质中甲烷水合物分解过程,压力增长呈现“快→慢→快”的特点,主要原因可能是多孔介质中的水合物尺寸较大,分解时更易产生自保护效应;祁连山冻土区天然气水合物的分解压力曲线与不同粒度多孔介质中甲烷水合物的相似,总体呈现“快→慢→快”的特点,水合物自保护效应明显;南海神狐海域天然气水合物分解气体压力变化虽然总体与祁连山冻土区天然气水合物压力增长过程相似,但同时呈现“阶梯状”增长,这可能与两种不同水合物岩心的岩性和水合物在岩心中的分布模式和赋存状态有关。     

The effect of marine colloids on the growth of photosysthetic bacteria

Marine colloids could be an important source of nitrogen for bacteria and photoplankton. But elevated concentration of colloids may stimulate algal growth and lead to red tides in coastal waters. The effects of colloidal organic carbon (COC) concentration on the growth of photosysthetic bacteria (PSB) were investigated under different colloidal treatments in the laboratory. The PSB growth was inversely proportional to COC concentration and was restricted by high-molecular-weight (HMW) colloids (>10 KDa) in treatments with non-nutrient or just inorganic nutrient with low COC concentration (5 μMC). However, the PBS growth was enhanced in the presence of HMW colloids in the treatment with inorganic nutrient and high COC (127 and 255 μMC) or with both inorganic nutrient and low-molecular-weight organic matter. Both bacteria number and bacteria growth ratio increased significantly when the concentration of COC was 5 μMC. Our results suggest that marine colloids can be utilized by bacteria and might regulate primary productivity in coastal waters.     

ESR DATING OF CORAL REEFS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA

ESR dating of aragonitic and calcitic corals , eolianite , calcrete , and corallineae from coral reefs in the South China Sea was applied to study of Quaternary reef geology . The ESR ages of calcitic corals correlated with the biostratigraphy , lithostratigraphy and geochemistry of Well Xi-Chen-1 and the oxygen-isotope stratigraphy of deep sea sediments, were reliable and up to 1.26 Ma. The selection of signals for dating and other related problems are discussed .     

黄河三角洲的￣（210）Pb剖面与再沉积作用

根据黄河三角洲东部钻孔岩芯的￣（２１０）Ｐｂ剖面资料，经标准化消除了因粒级不同所造成￣（２１０）Ｐｂ浓度变化的影响后，显示该孔的２１０ｐｂ剖面可分为１１段。每段呈指数衰减，段与段之间呈现￣（２１０）Ｐｂ放射性比度逆增，反映了由于再沉积作用造成￣（２１０）Ｐｂ的稀释作用。由此分析该区沉积和再沉积历史     

Fe~（＋24），Fe~（＋25）低能态能级结构及谱线的自发辐射跃迁几率

本文通过采用居间耦合形式下的解析波函数，用相对论微扰法完整地计算了Ｆｅ＋２４低能态（ｎ＝１，２，３）能级结构和相应的谱线自发辐射跃迁几率（Ｆｅ＋２５的数据也同时列出作为对比），所得结果具有较高的精度，且其中涉及Ｆｅ＋２４ｎ＝３能级的数据是首次详细给出的。     

THE STUDY ON THE WINTERTIME STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS OVER URUMQI,XINJIANG OF CHINA——NUMERICAL MODELING OF STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS

On the basis of the conceptual model,the development of wintertime stratocumulus cloud has been sim-ulated by using a planetary boundary layer/cloud physics model.The main characteristics of the cloud struc-ture and evolution obtained from the simulation are consistent with those from observations.By analyzingthe modeled results,some details of the cloud structures and microphysics processes are discussed.     

Okadaic acid, a causative toxin of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, in green-lipped mussels Perna viridis from Hong Kong fish culture zones: method development and monitoring

Green-lipped mussels (Perna viridis) were collected from seven fish culture zones (FCZs) in Hong Kong and analyzed for okadaic acid (OA). A conventional HPLC method was modified by incorporating a proteinase K digestion step. Results suggest that a higher recovery (2.5 times higher) of OA was obtained from spiked samples after the addition of 1.08 mg proteinase K in comparison with samples incubated without the proteolytic enzyme. For the hepatopancreas (HP) of individual field-collected mussels, the additional digestion step can enhance OA extraction by 3.1 times. Spatial and temporal variations in OA concentrations in the mussels from various FCZs were investigated. The highest concentration of OA in mussel HP samples was 1164.9 ng/g HP wet wt. With respect to OA concentrations in whole mussel tissues from seven sites and four seasonal samplings, the concentrations were between 70.0 and 131.0 ng/g wet wt., which did not exceed the generally recognized international regulatory criteria (>200 ng/g) for OA.     

Long-term decline of the populations of Fucales (Cystoseira spp. and Sargassum spp.) in the Albères coast (France, North-western Mediterranean)

Only five of fourteen species of Fucales reported at the end of the XIXth century are currently present in the Albères Coast (France, NW Mediterranean). According to historical data there has been a steady decrease of all the populations since the 1940s. Seven taxa now extinct (Cystoseira crinita, Cystoseira barbata, Cystoseira foeniculacea f. tenuiramosa, Cystoseira spinosa, Cystoseira spinosa var. compressa, Sargassum hornschuchii and Sargassum vulgare) were considered frequent and some of them were the dominant and engineering species in several phytobenthic assemblages. Moreover, only one of the five species left, shows no signs of regression (Cystoseira compressa), two are considered as rare (Cystoseira caespitosa, Cystoseira zosteroides), and one is very rare (Cystoseira elegans). Cystoseira mediterranea, a species that was reported to make a continuous belt along the shores of the Albères coast, has almost disappeared from some areas. Overgrazing by sea urchins, outcompetition by mussels, habitat destruction, scientific research sampling and, probably, human trampling and chemical pollution are to be blamed for the decline of populations thriving in shallow waters. Deep-water species have been affected by an increase in water turbidity and, probably, chemical pollution and direct plant destruction attributed to net fishing. If degradation of the environmental conditions continues, the remaining Cystoseira species will face a most unwelcome prospect. Even after the removal of the causes that led to its die-off, natural restoration of extinct species seems not to be possible because the decline has also affected populations from nearby areas and zygotes are unable to disperse over long distances. Urgent management actions have to be designed in order to improve the current situation of the populations of Fucales in the Albères coast.     

描述油藏性质的组合算法的应用

采用两缸对置式发动机的ＢＭＷ摩托车，已有７０多年的历史，其特点给人以深刻的印象。近来ＢＭＷ公司决定，与新的Ｋ系列直到３缸和４缸发动机并列必须保留这种对置式方案。为满足未来年代的要求，无论是基础机型还是新研制的对置式发动机，都必须保留其原有的主要优点。