旅游气候宜人度评价方法研究

提出一个较客观、定量的评价“气候宜人度”的数学模型。它综合的描述了气压、日照、降水、雾日、风速、气温、相对湿度和大气污染物浓度对气候宜人程度的影响。     

二层模式中小地形对于气压跳跃形成的初步研究

应用地面观测站、ERA5再分析资料和高分辨率的WRF模式分析了一次美国博尔德（Boulder）的强下坡风事件, 此次强下坡风暴爆发的机制是高空急流带断裂导致动量下传到背风坡山脚处。进一步分析表明,强下坡风的爆发与天气尺度系统高压脊过境及局地的背风坡重力波有关。在焚风的作用下,背风坡持续变暖导致重力波加强并转竖,侵蚀对流层顶的急流带,最终导致急流带断裂,高空动量下传至地面,强下坡风暴在背风坡爆发。

     

矿井探地雷达井下快速超前探测与数据分析

煤矿井下条件复杂,生产进度快,探测掘进面平整度差。为了准确探测矿井掘进工作面前方地质构造情况,基于探地雷达反射原理,介绍探地雷达在井下工作实用探测方式,探讨了井下探地雷达数据处理和波形分析方法,结合在煤矿井下的应用试验,分析探地雷达实际使用效果,指导煤矿安全生产。     

纳木那尼峰地区冰川信息的综合提取方法

以喜马拉雅山脉西段的纳木那尼峰地区为例,基于ASTER遥感数据,采用波段比值法、ND-SI指数法等多种方法,自动提取冰川信息,对比分析各方法在山体阴影与非阴影区冰川提取的优势和局限,并集成各方法的优势综合提取该地区的冰川.结果表明,在阴影区ASTER3/AsTER4波段比值法提取的冰川信息更准确,而在非阴影区,NDSI指数法的提取结果较准确.综合波段比值法和NDSI指数法在阴影区和非阴影区的优势,分别提取阴影区和非阴影区的冰川,集成两部分结果,并采用掩膜方法剔除高海拔基岩区的积雪,得到了研究区的冰川数据.     

上扬子区早奥陶世的岩石地层系统

以沉积岩石学特征以及沉积相特征为依据,在前人生物地层研究的基础上,对上扬子区早奥陶世的岩石地层系统、岩石地层分区及其相解释进行论述和介绍.     

基于矿物学方法评价浙江省土壤中Pb污染状况

利用土壤重金属元素环境质量矿物学评价方法,对淅江省全境土壤中不同土壤类型(或亚类)表层、不同母质表层和剖面中的Pb进行环境质量评价的结果表明,土壤中Pb的实测量和土壤对Pb的固持量决定了土壤中Pb的环境质量,浙江省土壤中Pb的污染度有正负值,说明土壤中的Pb对有些地区产生了污染,而对有些地区则没有产生污染.研究结果揭示,土壤矿物对Pb具有一定的固定与容纳能力,超过其固定与容纳能力,土壤中的Pb会对环境造成污染.这一旨在揭示土壤中重金属元素与各种矿物之间环境平衡关系的方法,可为评价土壤环境质量提供科学依据和技术支撑.     

中元古代晚期浅海高能沉积环境中的海绿石:以天津蓟县剖面铁岭组为例

海绿石是一种富钾、富铁的含水层状铝硅酸盐矿物,在沉积学领域常被作为一种普遍的指相矿物。多年研究的结果表明,现代海绿石主要形成在慢速、弱还原的较深水环境中,而且还可以作为"凝缩段"的识别标志之一。天津蓟县剖面中元古界铁岭组第二段灰岩中的海绿石,产在高能叠层石岩礁之中,主要以胶体形式富集在叠层石和均一石的边界上,代表较为典型的原地海绿石;较高的氧化钾含量(大于8%)而显示出高成熟海绿石的特点。很明显,铁岭组二段灰岩中的原地高成熟海绿石,不但不能作为"凝缩段"的识别标志,而且也不是长时间地层间断的产物。由于形成在正常高能浅海环境,而且处于中元古代末期,与现代沉积中的海绿石存在较大的差异,可能代表了中元古代末期的正常浅海还处于含氧量不够充分的弱还原状态,最终使铁岭组灰岩中的海绿石成为前寒武纪海绿石产出的一个典型代表,也间接的表明了在漫长的地质历史演变过程中海绿石产出的多样性特点。     

Implications of the Precambrian Non-stromatolitic Carbonate Succession Making up the Third Member of Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation in Yanshan Area of North China

A particular non-stromatolitic carbonate succession making up the third member of the Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang (高于庄) Formation might demonstrate that a stromatolite decline of the Mesoproterozoic occurring at ca. 1 450 Ma besides other three events of the Proterozoic,respectively,occurred at ca. 2 000 Ma,ca. 1 000 Ma,and ca. 675 Ma. The forming duration of this non-stromatolitic carbonate succession can be generally correlative to that of a similar depositional succession in North America,i.e. a non-stromatolitic carbonate succession made up by the Helena Formation of the Belt Supergroup,which suggests that the stromatolite decline occurring at ca. 1 450 Ma may be a global event. This information endows the non-stromatolitic carbonate succession making up the third member of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation in the Yanshan (燕山) area with important significance for the further understanding of Precambrian sedimentology. The Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation in Yanshan area is a set of more than 1 000 m thick carbonate strata that can be divided into four members (or subformations). The first member (or the Guandi (官地) subformation) is marked by a set of stromatolitic dolomites overlying a set of transgressive sandstones; the second member (or the Sangshu'an (桑树鞍) subformation) is a set of manganese dolomites with a few stromatolites; the third member (or the Zhangjiayu (张家峪) subformation) is chiefly made up of leiolite and laminite limestones and is characterized by the development of molar-tooth structures in leiolite limestone; the fourth member (or the Huanxiusi (环秀寺) subformation) is composed of a set of dolomites of stromatolitic reefs or lithoherms. Sequence-stratigraphic divisions at two sections,i.e. the Jixian (蓟县) Section in Tianjin (天津) and the Qiangou (千沟) Section of Yanqing (延庆) County in Beijing (北京),demonstrate that a particularly non-stromatolitic succession making up the third member of the Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation is developed in the Yanshan area of North China,in which lots of grotesque matground structures (wrinkle structures and palimpsest ripples) are developed in beds of leiolite limestone at the Qiangou Section and lots of molar-tooth structures are developed in beds of leiolite limestone at the Jixian Section. The time scale of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation is deduced as 200 Ma (from 1 600 Ma to 1 400 Ma). The duration of an obvious hiatus between the Gaoyuzhuang Formation and the underlying Dahongyu (大红峪) Formation is deduced as 50 Ma to 100 Ma,thus the forming duration of the GaoyuzhuangFormation is thought as 100 Ma (1 500 Ma to 1 400 Ma). Furthermore,the age of the subface of the third member of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation that is just in the mid position of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation can be deduced as about 1 450 Ma,which is the basis to infer a stromatolite decline of the Mesoproterozoic occurring at ca. 1 450 Ma. Importantly,several features of both the molar-tooth structure and the stromatolite,such as the particular forming environment,the important facies-indicative meaning,and the episodic distribution in the earth history,might express the evolutionary periodicity of the surface environment of the earth and can provide meaningful clues for the understanding of the Precambrian world,although their origin and forming mechanism is highly contentious. Therefore,like other three stromatolitic declines,respectively,occurring at ca. 675 Ma,ca. 1 000 Ma,and ca. 2 000 Ma,the identification of the stromatolite decline occurring at ca. 1 450 Ma during the Golden Age of stromatolites (2 800 Ma to 1 000 Ma) has important meaning for the further understanding of the evolving carbonate world of the Precambrian.     

C波段雷达在新疆区域数值预报系统中的应用初探

基于新疆区域数值预报系统（Desert Oasis Gobi Rapid Analysis Forecast System,下称DOGRAFS）,开展了同化C波段雷达资料对2010年10月6日发生在新疆的一次强降水过程预报结果影响的试验分析。其中设计包括不同化任何资料、同化常规资料、同化雷达反射率因子、同化雷达径向风、同时同化反射率因子和径向风五组试验,重点分析了雷达资料同化对此次天气过程降水、温度以及风速模拟效果的影响。结果表明：（1）同化雷达径向风和同时同化径向风和反射率因子相对于其他三组试验,对降水预报的TS和ETs评分更高;（2）相对于其他三组试验,同化雷达径向风和同时同化径向风和反射率因子对模式垂直方向上的温度、风速预报偏差具有一定的改善效果;（3）对于地面2 m温度和10 m风速而言,同化常规观测资料比其他四组试验预报的平均偏差和均方根误差更小;其它四组试验误差相当,差别不明显,表明同化雷达对近地面层温度和风的影响不明显。本研究旨在探索C波段雷达观测资料在新疆区域数值预报系统中的适用性,为今后雷达观测资料在业务系统中的应用提供参考。