Distribution of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in Ny-Alesund of the Arctic

Sediment, moss and animal-dropping samples were collected from pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the Arctic area. OCPs and PCBs were analyzed using the capillary gas chromatography (GC-ECD). Recoveries of three surrogates were at a range of 69.5～92.2% (mean: 78.8%), 75.1～112.1% (98.5%) and 67.7～95.1% (79.5%), and the relative standard deviations were 6.7%, 8.0% and 11.3%, respectively. The major monomers of OCPs were hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and DDTs. Their concentrations were at a range of 0.86～4.50 ng/g (mean: 2.24 ng/g) and 0.22～1.09 ng/g (mean: 0.55 ng/g). The concentrations of PCBs were 0.20～3.25 ng/g (mean: 0.84 ng/g) and the major congeners were tetra-, penta-, and hexa-PCBs, which were up to 23.8%、26.7% and 32.3% of total PCBs, respectively. Based on the results of the ratio analysis and the principal component analysis, the atmospheric transport is believed be one     

农民增收的“金钥匙”——河南省沁阳市西万镇西万村土地流转调查

深秋的正午,太阳把大地晒得暖洋洋的。 10月25日,记者来到了河南省沁阳市西万镇西万村。嫩绿的麦田一眼望不到边际。 一个多月前,这个村的党总支书记、村委会主任董小柱当面向胡锦涛总书记汇报了一年多来在这片土地上发生的故事。     

农民增收的"金钥匙"——河南省沁阳市西万镇西万村土地流转调查

深秋的正午,太阳把大地晒得暖洋洋的. 10月25日,记者来到了河南省沁阳市西万镇西万村.嫩绿的麦田一眼望不到边际.     

2004年秋季长江口及其邻近水域浮游植物群集

根据2004年11月在长江口及其邻近水域37个测站采集的浮游植物水样Utermhl方法分析结果,研究了该水域浮游植物群集特征,包括浮游植物优势种、细胞丰度和多样性指数,并进行了其与环境因子的典范对应分析(CCA).调查区浮游植物组成以硅藻和甲藻为主,其丰度所占比例分别为67.97%和28.94%.浮游植物优势种为中肋骨条藻、具槽帕拉藻和菱形海线藻等温带近岸种.浮游植物细胞丰度为0.27×103~133.38×103 个/L,平均为4.97×103 个/L,高值出现在调查区的南部和东南部.Margalef物种丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在各测站变化较大.分析表明,优势种中肋骨条藻的分布与硝酸盐和硅酸盐呈正相关,具槽帕拉藻和菱形海线藻与温度呈正相关.     

Size-fractionated phytoplankton biomass in autumn of the Changjiang （Yangtze） River Estuary and its adjacent waters after the Three Gorges Dam construction

A cruise was undertaken from 3rd to 8th November 2004 in Changjiang （Yangtze） River Estuary and its adjacent waters to investigate the spatial biomass distribution and size composition of phytoplankton. Chlorophyll-a （Chl-a） concentration ranged 0.42-1.17 μg L^-1 and 0.41-10.43 μg L^-1 inside and outside the river mouth, with the mean value 0.73 μg L^-1 and 1.86 μg L^-1, respectively. Compared with the Chl-a concentration in summer of 2004, the mean value was much lower inside, and a little higher outside the river mouth. The maximal Chl-a was 10.43 μg L^-1 at station 18 （122.67°E, 31.25°N）, and the region of high Chl-a concentration was observed in the central survey area between 122.5°E and 123.0°E. In the stations located east of 122.5°E, Chl-a concentration was generally high in the upper layers above 5 m due to water stratification. In the survey area, the average Chl-a in sizes of 〉20 μm and 〈20 μm was 0.28 μg L^-1 and 1.40 μg L^-1, respectively. High Chl-a concentration of 〈20 μm size-fraction indicated that the nanophytoplankton and picophytoplankton contributed the most to the biomass of phytoplankton. Skeletonema costatum, Prorocentrum micans and Scrippsiella trochoidea were the dominant species in surface water. The spatial distribution of cell abundance of phytoplankton was patchy and did not agree well with that of Chl-a, as the cell abundance could not distinguish the differences in shape and size of phytoplankton cells. Nitrate and silicate behaved conservatively, but the former could probably be the limitation factor to algal biomass at offshore stations. The distribution of phosphate scattered considerably, and its relation to the phytoplankton biomass was complicated.     

A Neural Network Based Single Footprint Temperature Retrieval for AtmosphericInfrared Sounder Measurements and Its Application to Study onStratospheric Gravity Wave

Satellite hyperspectral infrared sounder measurements have better horizontal resolution than other sounding techniques as it boasts the stratospheric gravity wave(GW) analysis. To accurately and efficiently derive the three-dimensional structure of the stratospheric GWs from the single-field-of-view(SFOV) Atmospheric Infra Red Sounder(AIRS) observations, this paper firstly focuses on the retrieval of the atmospheric temperature profiles in the altitude range of 20-60 km with an artificial neural...     

“小产权房”开发经营中的利益博弈——兼论“小产权房”规范管理的政策取向

剖析了"小产权房"出现的社会经济背景及其引起的经济博弈关系,从社会公平的角度比较分析"小产权房"带来的利弊,为"小产权房"的规范管理提供一些参考。研究发现:对"小产权房"的不同态度是不同利益集团经济利益博弈的外在表现;从社会整体福利的角度来考察,"小产权房"带来的利大于弊。"小产权房"管理的政策取向应该是改革现行土地管理制度,积极推动"小产权房"的合法化,逐步实现城乡建设用地市场的一体化。     

PRM标量平流方案在GRAPES全球预报系统中的应用

如何更好地模拟水物质的分布,对于数值天气预报效果的改进,特别是对于更好地模拟降水过程,具有重要的意义。半拉格朗日模式中的标量平流计算要求做到高精度、守恒、正定和保形,但GRAPES_GFS (Global-Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System, Global Forecast System) 中采用的QMSL(Quasi-Monotone Semi-Lagrangian)平流方案在水汽的强梯度、不连续区域计算精度较低,且不能做到严格守恒。本研究借鉴计算流体力学领域的研究进展,将一个基于分段有理函数的物质平流方案PRM(Piecewise Rational Method)引入GRAPES_GFS中,按照通量形式求解水汽方程,并对极区进行了混合等技术处理。通过一系列理想试验对两种平流方案进行了对比,证明了PRM方案精度较高,特别是在水汽梯度大的区域优势明显,频散、耗散误差较小,守恒、保形性也要好于QMSL方案。通过对GRAPES_GFS中批量预报试验效果的检验,验证了PRM方案可以有效地改进模式对水物质分布的模拟,提高了降水的预报效果,对模式综合预报性能的提升也有明显作用。     

近景摄影测量中条形码定位技术的研究

本文针对近景摄影测量中编码标志点数日不能满足缺乏纹理的较大区域、大尺寸及复杂物体测量需求的问题,深入分析研究了国内外现有编码标志设计和解码方案,提出了一种具有编码起始标记的条形码设计方案,使得其编码总数得到扩展,并设计了相应的解码算法;最后制作编码标志实物在室内实验室进行场景实拍实验,各项实验结果数据证明课题的研究成果...     

廊坊地区土壤重金属存在形态及有效性分析

通过对廊坊39个样点根系土中As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb共5种重金属元素各形态含量的统计与分析,总结出该区根系土重金属元素形态组成特征,初步分析了各重金属元素在土壤中的地球化学行为。运用相关性分析方法,对5种重金属元素有效态含量与全量及土壤pH、TOC的相关性进行分析。根据分析结果,重金属元素有效态含量的高低不仅受其全量的影响,而且与土壤pH、TOC亦有着密切关系。该结论为评估廊坊表层土壤重金属元素污染程度提供了理论依据。