复杂应力路径下堆石料本构关系研究

已有研究表明,土石坝内堆石料在坝体填筑过程的应力路径可近似为等应力比的路径（q/p=常数）,水库蓄水时应力路径将发生转折,呈复杂的应力路径形态（dq/dp=常数）。在大型三轴仪上进行了两种应力路径的排水试验,即等应力比路径下的偏压试验和复杂应力路径下的剪切试验。根据试验结果提出了一个堆石料应力路径增量非线性弹性模型,模型采用三模量形式除可以描述堆石料等应力比路径的应力-应变特征外,通过转折后的路径特征构造合适的柔度矩阵,能够表达转折应力路径下的本构关系。对试验曲线进行拟合表明,应力路径模型能够较好地反映堆石料在复杂应力路径下的应力与变形特性。     

考虑颗粒破碎的粗粒土剪胀性统一本构模型

粗粒土作为无黏性散粒状材料具有状态依赖特性,土体的剪切特性受密度和应力水平影响。易破碎是粗粒土的另一个特点,颗粒破碎影响粗粒土的剪胀、内摩擦角、峰值强度和渗透系数。为了能够准确地描述粗粒土的应力-应变关系,采用初始状态参量描述粗粒土的内部状态,根据三轴试验数据建立考虑颗粒破碎耗能的应力-应变关系,采用相关联流动法则推导考虑颗粒破碎的粗粒土剪胀性“统一本构模型”,并建立初始状态参量与模型参数之间的关系。所建立的统一本构模型既考虑了颗粒破碎对剪胀、内摩擦角的影响,又考虑了剪切特性对土体初始状态的依赖。采用变异粒子群算法拟合试验曲线,确定模型参数。模型计算结果能够很好地拟合试验曲线。采用同一组参数对假定的初始状态进行模拟计算,计算结果表明,模型能够模拟不同初始密度和应力水平下粗粒土变形的一般规律。     

Earthquake safety assessment of concrete arch and gravity dams

Based on research studies currently being carried out at Dalian University of Technology, some important aspects for the earthquake safety assessment of concrete dams are reviewed and discussed. First, the rate-dependent behavior of concrete subjected to earthquake loading is examined, emphasizing the properties of concrete under cyclic and biaxial loading conditions. Second, a modified four-parameter Hsieh-Ting-Chen viscoplastic consistency model is developed to simulate the rate-dependent behavior of concrete. The earthquake response of a 278m high arch dam is analyzed, and the results show that the strain-rate effects become noticeable in the inelastic range. Third, a more accurate non-smooth Newton algorithm for the solution of three-dimensional frictional contact problems is developed to study the joint opening effects of arch dams during strong earthquakes. Such effects on two nearly 300m high arch dams have been studied. It was found that the canyon shape has great influence on the magnitude and distribution of the joint opening along the dam axis. Fourth, the scaled boundary finite element method presented by Song and Wolf is employed to study the dam-reservoir-foundation interaction effects of concrete dams. Particular emphases were placed on the variation of foundation stiffness and the anisotropic behavior of the foundation material on the dynamic response of concrete dams. Finally, nonlinear modeling of concrete to study the damage evolution of concrete dams during strong earthquakes is discussed. An elastic-damage mechanics approach for damage prediction of concrete gravity dams is described as an example. These findings are helpful in understanding the dynamic behavior of concrete dams and promoting the improvement of seismic safety assessment methods.     

基于热力学定律的土体动力Hardin-Drnevich模型再认识

从Masing二倍法构造的Hardin—Drnevich模型的卸荷再加荷滞回曲线出发,以热力学定律为基础,考虑了塑性中心的移动为直线和骨架曲线两种情况下的耗散函数表达形式,应用Ziegler正交条件,通过对耗散函数求一阶偏导,得到耗散应力空间中的屈服函数表达式,并引入耗散应力和真实应力之间的差别项即转移应力,从而得到真实应力空间中的屈服函数。屈服曲线的绘制表明了对于塑性中心的不同转移规律,屈服曲线遵循同样的变化规律：应变在某一范围内,剪切形的屈服曲线是直线形式;当应变超过某一阈值时,剪切形的屈服曲线呈现弯曲。此外,还给出了应变的阈值。     

高速铁路地震预警系统现状综述

地震是对高速列车安全运营威胁最大的自然灾害。在目前地震预报技术还很不成熟的情况下,发展地震预警技术是当前减轻或避免地震对高速铁路危害的重要措施。文中阐述了地震预警技术的原理及其在铁路方面的应用。对国内外已有的高速铁路地震预警系统的发展和现状进行了介绍。结合国内外的发展现状和京沪高速铁路对地震预警系统的实际需求,对我国高速铁路的地震预警系统进行了探讨。主要针对高速铁路预警系统的报警阈值,监测点的布置,列车控制方式和预警系统的基本组成等关键问题的研究现状进行了总结和探讨。对我国高速铁路地震预警系统的建立具有重要的借鉴意义。     

Short-crested waves interaction with a concentric porous cylinder system with partially porous outer cylinder

In this paper, based on the linear wave theory, the interaction of short-crested waves with a concentric dual cylindrical system with a partially porous outer cylinder is studied by using the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM), which is a novel semi-analytical method with the advantages of combining the finite element method (FEM) with the boundary element method (BEM). The whole solution domain is divided into one unbounded sub-domain and one bounded sub-domain by the exterior cylinder. By weakening the governing differential equation in the circumferential direction, the SBFEM equations for both domains can be solved analytically in the radial direction. Only the boundary on the circumference of the exterior porous cylinder is discretized with curved surface finite elements. Meanwhile, by introducing a variable porous-effect parameter G, non-homogeneous materials caused by the complex configuration of the exterior cylinder are modeled without additional efforts. Comparisons clearly demonstrate the excellent accuracy and computational efficiency associated with the present SBFEM. The effects of the wide range wave parameters and the structure configuration are examined. This parametric study will help determine the various hydrodynamic effects of the concentric porous cylindrical structure.     

混凝土重力坝FRP片材表面加固抗震性能研究

如何提高混凝土重力坝薄弱位置的抗震性能是国内外大坝抗震研究的热点问题。本文基于等价静力非线性方法,采用考虑混凝土细观非均匀特性的混凝土损伤模型,研究FRP片材表面加固大坝薄弱位置的抗震有效性。以2座不同形态的混凝土重力坝A、B为例,分别进行坝踵FRP片材表面加固研究和折坡处FRP片材表面加固研究,分析加固前后坝体的应力状态、裂缝扩展情况和破坏形态。数值模拟结果表明：坝踵处采用FRP片材加固可以很好地增强坝体的抗震性能,有效地抑制裂缝的产生和发展;折坡处采用FRP片材加固在一定程度上可以提高坝体的抗震性能,下游坝身加固与否对提高大坝的抗震性能影响不大。     

近车站地铁运行引起的环境振动的实验与分析

选取上海地铁交通9号线沿线近车站典型区段为对象,以基于LabVIEW2010开发平台的振动测试系统进行数据采集。根据现场实测数据,分析了地铁运行时隧洞中心线对应的地表处3个方向,以及距中心线不同距离地表处垂直地面方向的振动响应实况和振动特性及传播规律。结果表明,地面振动以垂直地表方向振动为主,振动幅值距离隧洞中心线越远越小,在15m左右存在放大区,且放大的敏感频率为15~25Hz。本次实验地点靠近9号线某车站,实验数值具有一定的典型性和特殊性,可为完善该领域的研究提供借鉴和参考。     

横观各向同性层状地基动应力响应的求解与分析

动力响应问题的求解对于地基在外荷载作用下引起的弹性波动问题研究有重要的意义。本文提出了一种求解横观各向同性层状地基在施加时间简谐荷载作用下任意点的应力响应的算法。此算法利用傅里叶变换将广义平面应变问题频率-空间域的动力方程转化到频率-波数域内,结合对偶变量的引入,利用高精度的精细积分算法对状态方程进行求解,在得到频率-波数域内的位移响应的基础上,利用傅里叶逆变换得到任意点的动应力响应。简谐荷载不仅可以施加在地基表面,而且可以施加在地基内部。对比算例验证了本文算法的准确性,同时对地基各向异性特性、激励频率和阻尼比对动应力响应的影响进行了参数分析,为工程实际提供可靠的数值依据。