Baseline of organotin pollution in fishes, clams, shrimps, squids and crabs collected from the west coast of India

Organotins, especially tributyltins (TBT) are highly toxic to many marine organisms. These compounds are introduced in marine waters by ship trafficking, ship scrapping activities, as antifouling compounds and sewage disposal. Marine fishes, crustaceans and molluscans are easily prone to organotins contamination. In view of this, a baseline monitoring study was conducted in order to establish the levels of organotins in edible marine fishes, bivalves, shrimps, squids and crabs collected from Mumbai, Goa and Karwar on the west coast of India. At these locations average organotin concentration found in fishes, clams, shrimps, squids and crabs was 108, 852, 179, 70 and 89 ng Sn g⁻¹ dw, respectively. In all the samples butyltins dominated over phenyltins. The levels of organotins suggest that all the organisms were contaminated with organotins and their consumption may pose health problems to humans.     

1993年夏季低温及其对农业的影响

从农业气候学和农业气象学基本原理出发,通过对１９９３年夏季气候特点的分析,试述“凉夏”天气对农业生产不利影响的一面,以期今后深入研究,达到减灾的目的。     

Assessment of sacrificial anode impact by aluminum accumulation in mussel Mytilus edulis: a large-scale laboratory test

Since the early 1960s, the application of aluminum alloy sacrificial anodes to mitigate marine corrosion has been well known. The aim of this work was to study aluminum bioconcentration in Mytilus edulis by an in vitro test performed in two tanks: the first containing non-contaminated water (NCW) and the second containing aluminum-contaminated water (CW) (530 μg L⁻¹) released by sacrificial anode. The mussels were collected and examined over a period of 8 weeks. A comparison between the aluminum concentrations in the digestive glands of mussels from the CW and NCW tanks shows that the highest value (1700 mg/kg d.w.) was found in the CW mussels collected after 13 days. In NCW, the mean aluminum concentration in digestive glands during the test was 281 mg/kg d.w. The rapid concentration decrease in digestive glands is probably due to the inhibition of filtering activity due to valve closure at the high concentration as well as the induction of the detoxification response.     

龙首山芨岭地区中粗粒花岗岩地质特征及其地质意义

为了探讨芨岭地区的肉红色中粗粒花岗岩与铀成矿的关系,通对龙首山芨岭地区的肉红色中粗粒花岗岩进行锆石U-Pb同位素测年,测得其侵位于426.4±2.0 Ma,形成时代为晚奥陶世。岩石地球化学数据分析表明,主量元素中Si O₂、Al₂O₃、Na₂O和Ca O含量偏高,Fe₂O₃和K₂O含量较低;微量元素中富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素;稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾型,轻、重稀土元素分馏较为明显,岩石为准铝质、碱性I型花岗岩。通过构造环境研究表明早古生代祁连山-龙首山造山作用进入非造山板内活动阶段。结合勘查成果查明,中粗粒花岗岩亦为芨岭地区含矿岩性之一,其与中粗粒似斑状花岗岩、闪长岩的侵入界线是成矿有利部位之一。     

60厘米抛物面镜的检验和结果

为了提高1958年由南京紫金山天文台和南京教学仪器厂合作制造的60厘米反射望远镜的光学质量,紫金山天文台在1960年为该望远镜配制了新的卡塞格林副镜,接着在1961年又把原来的抛物面主镜作了抛光修改.这一工作,一方面需要掌握必要的加工工艺,但是更重要的是要有可靠的检验方法来保证.这里仅就60厘米主镜在修改过程中所采用的检验方法和结果作一介绍.     

四川盆地及其周缘五峰组-龙马溪组有机质差异富集的主控因素探讨

近些年来,四川盆地及其周缘五峰组-龙马溪组页岩气勘探开发实践表明页岩气具有差异富集特征。基于四川盆地及其周缘五峰组-龙马溪组页岩TOC、XRD及元素等分析数据,结合前人已发表的相关数据资料,对川南、川东及川东北地区开展了有机质差异富集特征初步分析,并从矿物组分（黏土矿物含量）、保存条件及古生产力3个方面探讨其控制因素。研究表明：1）有机质差异富集特征表现为：五峰组沉积时期,四川盆地及其周缘有机质富集程度差异相对较小,川东地区有机质富集程度略高于川南地区和川东北地区;而龙马溪组沉积早期,有机质富集程度差异相对较大,川东北地区有机质富集程度明显高于川东地区和川南地区;2）差异的保存（氧化还原）条件是造成四川盆地及其周缘不同地区五峰组-龙马溪组有机质差异富集的主控因素。     

鞍本地区鞍山群变质矿物及变质作用

鞍本地区鞍山群变质岩出露区可分为鞍山、辽阳、本溪三个小区。所有的变质岩均属角闪岩相,从西向东,变质程度递增。三个小区最先出现的特征变质矿物分别是铁铝榴石、十字石和夕线石。退化变质作用由西向东递减,在东-西鞍山矿区已退变为绿片岩相,在绿泥片岩中普通角闪石仅作为残留矿物出现在绿泥石的核心。鞍山小岭子矿区有紫苏辉石、红柱石和尖晶石组合,它们是燕山期花岗岩围岩中的接触变质矿物。     

Changes in octocoral communities and benthic cover along a water quality gradient in the reefs of Hong Kong

Cover of the main reef benthic groups, and abundances and taxonomic richness of octocorals were surveyed in the reefs of Hong Kong, and related to spatial and water quality gradients. Nutrient and particle concentrations are high throughout the area, with concentrations declining from the south towards the north-eastern region. Regression tree analyses showed that hard coral cover was most strongly related to water clarity, that macroalgal cover was highest in areas with high wave action and high water clarity, and that crustose coralline algae were negatively related to sedimentation. Octocoral communities (42 species in 23 genera) were dominated by zooxanthellae-free taxa; those few species with zooxanthellae were restricted to reefs with low wave action and high water clarity in the north-eastern region. The water quality gradient spans from conditions that are marginal for zooxanthellate octocorals while still supporting diverse scleractinian communities, towards an estuarine endpoint where zooxanthellate octocorals cease to exist and hard coral communities are reduced to a few resilient colonies. The data suggest that the types, abundances and richness of zooxanthellate octocorals, and the shift from zooxanthellate to azooxanthellate octocoral communities, may act as useful indicators of water clarity in regions where long-term water quality data are unavailable.     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987112001533

The collision of a divergent ocean ridge may evolve into two end cases:in the continuity of ocean-floor subduction.or in the detachment of the subducted plate.The northern Patagonia active plate margin has the unique situation that in Cenozoic time it has been subjected to two divergent ridge collisions,each one representing one of the end members.The Neogene Antarctica-Nazca divergent ridge collision evolved as a continuous ocean-floor subduction system,promoting a magmatic hiatus at the arc axis,the obduction of part of the ridge ocean-floor in the fore-arc.and basaltic volcanism in the back-arc.In contrast,the Paleogene Farallon-Aluk divergent ridge collision evolved into a transform margin,with the detachment and sinking of the Aluk plate and the development of a large slab window.As in the previous case,this collision promoted a magmatic hiatus at the arc axis,but the tectono-magmatic scenario changed to postorogenic synextensional volcanism that spread to the former fore-arc（basalt,andesite,rhyolite） and former back-arc（bimodal ignimbrite flare-up,basalt）.Geochemistry of this slab window synextensional volcanism shows more MORB-like basalts towards the former fore-arc,and MORB-OIB-like basalts towards the former back-arc.Instead,an isolated undeformable crustal block in the former back-arc,with an "epeirogenic" response to the slab window and extensional regime,was covered by OIB-type basalts after uplift.Major elements show that slab window basalts reach TiCh values up to 3 wt%,as compared with the top value of 1.5 wt%of arc magmas.Besides,the MgO with respect to（FeO^t + Al₂O₃） ratio helps to distinguish slab window magma changes from the former fore-arc to the former back-arc and also with respect to the "epeirogenic" block.Higher contents of HFS elements such as Nb and Ta also help to distinguish this slab window from arc magmas and also,to distinguish slab window magma changes from the former fore-arc to the former back-arc and "epeirogenic" block settings.The isotope compositions of slab window magmatism show a disparate coeval array from MORB to crustal sources,interpreted as a consequence of the lack of protracted storage and homogenization due to the extensional setting.