《天气图自动填图与客观分析系统》的优化

利用微机自身所具有的通信传输和存储功能，来替代《天气图自动填图与客观分析系统》运行工作所依赖的通信卡的作用，取消通信卡，修改该系统软件，利用汇编和Ｃ语言对系统进行补充编程，从而节省投资完善了系统，非常适合台站的业务工作需要和业务现代化的发展。     

1987年9月23日昆明日偏食在波长10.6厘米的观测

1987年9月23日日环食,在昆明看到的是偏食。本文对云南天文台10.6厘米观测资料进行了处理,得出了活动区、暗条、日珥、谱斑上空射电源流量、二维角径大小、高度和亮温度。谱斑上空晕的辐射标度N~2L=6.3～6.9×10~(28)电子数~2/厘米~5。     

湄洲湾泥沙活动及海底冲淤变化

湄洲湾沙源少,海水含沙量低,平均值10～20g/m~3。冬季受东北季风及浙闽沿岸流影响,湾口含沙量高,达到34g/m~3;夏季受径流影响,湾内含沙量相对偏高,达到16g/m~3。泥沙的运移趋势:主航道基本朝外,两侧朝里。受强潮流作用,深槽及水下潮流冲沟受到冲刷,斜坡及潮坪略有淤积。     

基于近海雷达与AIS探测目标融合算法研究

利用岸基雷达站的雷达传感器以及船舶自动识别系统(Automatic Identification System,AIS)所获取的目标信息,针对近岸海域目标密集的特点,提出了一种提高雷达与AIS信息融合精度的算法。该算法在将雷达基于站心球坐标系的位置信息转换成AIS基于WGS 84坐标系的位置信息实现空间配准、以及将AIS航迹的时间通过外推法与雷达航迹时间统一起来的基础上,首先采用目标位置及航速的欧氏距离判别法,剔除一部分不符合条件的目标数据,减少参与融合的数据量,然后进一步采用模糊数学中的柯西型隶属度函数及统计加权法对航迹相似度判断。研究结果表明,本文所提出的融合算法适用于目标较密集的近海海域。     

金刚石呈色机制的新观点

已知金刚石中能产生颜色的点缺陷(即色心)主要有氮、硼、空穴、填隙子以及各种形式的氮与空穴的复合体。随着各种现代微束与谱学分析技术以及量子化学计算的应用，对金刚石晶格中氮、硼以外的杂质—氢与过渡金属离子的赋存状态的研究，我们发现了新的致色点缺陷：成键氢，镍、钴离子，及其与氮的复合体，从而形成了氢致色与过渡金属离子致色的金刚石呈色机制的新观点。     

Movement and strain conditions of active blocks in the Chinese mainland

The definition of active block is given from the angles of crustal deformation and strain. The movement and strain parameters of active blocks are estimated according to the unified velocity field composed of the velocities at 1598 GPS stations obtained from GPS measurements carried out in the past years in the Chinese mainland and the surrounding areas. The movement and strain conditions of the blocks are analyzed. The active blocks in the Chinese mainland have a consistent E-trending movement component, but its N and S components are not consistent. The blocks in the western part have a consistent N-trending movement and the blocks in the eastern part have a consistent S-trending movement. In the area to the east of 90°E, that is the area from Himalayas block towards NE, the movement direction of the blocks rotates clockwisely and the movement rates of the blocks are different. Generally, the movement rate is large in the west and south and small in the east and north with a difference of 3 to 4 times between the rates in the west and east. The distributions of principal compressive strain directions of the blocks are also different. The principal strain of the blocks located to the west of 90oE is basically in the SN direction, the principal compressive strain of the blocks in the northeastern part of Qingzang plateau is roughly in the NE direction and the direction of principal compressive strain of the blocks in the southeastern part of Qingzang plateau rounds clockwisely the east end of Himalayas structure. In addition, the principal strain and shear strain rates of the blocks are also different. The Himalayas and Tianshan blocks have the largest principal compressive strain and the maximum shear strain rate. Then, Lhasa, Qiangtang, Southwest Yunnan (SW Yunnan), Qilian and Sichuan-Yunan (Chuan-Dian) blocks followed. The strain rate of the blocks in the eastern part is smaller. The estimation based on the stain condition indicates that Himalayas block is still the area with the most intensive tectonic activity and it shortens in the NS direction at the rate of 15.2±1.5 mm/a. Tianshan block ranks the second and it shortens in the NS direction at the rate of 10.1±0.9 mm/a. At present, the two blocks are still uprising. It can be seen from superficial strain that the Chinese mainland is predominated by superficial expansion. Almost the total area in the eastern part of the Chinese mainland is expanded, while in the western part, the superficial compression and expansion are alternatively distributed from the south to the north. In the Chinese mainland, most EW-trending or proximate EW-trending faults have the left-lateral or left-lateral strike-slip relative movements along both sides, and most NS-trending faults have the right-lateral or right-lateral strike-slip relative movements along both sides. According to the data from GPS measurements the left-lateral strike-slip rate is 4.8±1.3 mm/a in the central part of Altun fault and 9.8±2.2 mm/a on Xianshuihe fault. The movement of the fault along the block boundary has provided the condition for block movement, so the movements of the block and its boundary are consistent, but the movement levels of the blocks are different. The statistic results indicate that the relative movement between most blocks is quite significant, which proves that active blocks exist. Himalayas, Tianshan, Qiangtang and SW Yunnan blocks have the most intensive movement; China-Mongolia, China-Korea (China-Korea), Alxa and South China blocks are rather stable. The mutual action of India, Pacific and Philippine Sea plates versus Eurasia plate is the principal driving force to the block movement in the Chinese mainland. Under the NNE-trending intensive press from India plate, the crustal matter of Qingzang plateau moves to the NNE and NE directions, then is hindered by the blocks located in the northern, northeastern and eastern parts. The crustal matter moves towards the Indian Ocean by the southeastern part of the plateau.     

汾河上游土地利用变化及其水文响应研究

以河岔水文站以上的汾河流域为研究区,采用土地利用转移矩阵和SWAT模型模拟方法,就汾河上游土地利用变化对水文过程的影响进行研究. 流域从1995-2000年,以耕地向林地和草地转变为主;从2000-2010年,城市建设用地不断增加,主要是对耕地的占用. 结果显示,在相同气候背景、不同土地利用情景（1995、2000年2010年）下,流域1992-2000年多年平均产水量微弱增加（分别为85.69 mm、85.75 mm和85.82 mm）,主要因为耕地持续减少,草地和城市建设用地不断增加. 但是各年产水量的大小关系不完全一致,枯水年和平水年与丰水年存在差异,而土壤水分呈现一致的减少状况. 子流域水平上,降水条件同样影响水文过程对土地利用变化的响应程度. 以上结果表明,汾河流域在退耕还林还草政策等影响下,土地利用发生变化并且直接影响流域的水文过程,但是流域水文过程对土地利用变化的响应还受到降水的影响.     

频谱激电法的发展与展望

从频谱激电法的发展概况﹑仪器系统、数学模型、反演方法及应用等方面,介绍了频谱激电法的研究现状。介绍了频谱激电法目前常用的仪器系统:SIP?FUCHSII和V8,数据模型主要有:Cole-Cole、常相位角模型CPA、普通化的Cole-Cole模型和理论模型SNP。反演方法简要介绍了几种常用算法,反演算法也由一维、二维发展到三维。列举了频谱激电法近年来在矿产资源、水资源调查等多个领域的应用概况,展望了频谱激电法的发展方向:(1)同时考虑激电效应和电磁效应的三维电磁场正演计算技术是研究的前沿和热点;(2)频谱激电法对有机污染的探查成为未来应用研究的新领域。     

甘肃中部集水观测试验研究

根据甘肃省中部的3年集水观测资料,分析了径流系数与集水面材料、坡度、雨强的关系,并结合甘肃河东地区19个气象站的自记降水资料,估算了平均径流系数及其均方差等,为集水技术在农业上的应用提供科学依据.