《新疆1:100万土地利用现状图编制》工作会议在乌鲁木齐举行

1984年4月25至27日在乌鲁木齐召开了新疆1:100万土地利用图编制工作会议。这次会议是为落实中国科学院开发新疆规划会议提出的关于《新疆农业自然资源图编制》课题任务的一部分。参加编图的中国科学院新疆地理所、新疆大学地理系、新疆师范大学地理系等单位的编图人员出席了会议(兵团勘测设计院二分院的同志因出野外缺席)。自治区土地管理     

Stratigraphical and biological significance of negative carbon isotopic anomalies in the basal Cambrian series of Guizhou Province

The early Early Cambrian strata within the bounds of Guizhou Province are almost predominated by black shale deposition. Recently, however, the authors have found a section consisting of a set of mudstones interbedded with limestones at the basement of the Cambrian at Yingping, Fuquan County,Guizhou Province, which provides favorable conditions for the study of marine geochemical characteristics of the early Early Cambrian. The characteristics of intense negative carbon isotopic anomalies near the Precambrian/Cambrian boundary at Yingping, Fuquan County, Guizhou Province, can be correlated with those of global carbon isotopic anomalies at the same time on a global scale, corresponding to the intense negative carbon isotopic anomalies near the Neoproterozoic/Cambrian boundaries at the bottom of the Xiaowaitoushan Member, Huize, Yunnan Province, at the top of the Tsagaan 0loom Formation of Mongolia and at the top of the Salarmy Gol Formation of Siberia, as well as those observed in southwestern United States, Iran, Amman, Poland, Newfoundland, the Great Britain, Canada, etc. Negative carbon isotopic anomalies can be used as the important basis for the division of the Precambrian/Cambrian boundaries.There have been found 8 m-thick black shales and cherts below the intense negative carbon isotopic anomalies in this profile. In the black shales there have been found large amounts of fossils such as Bradoricla,gernus Archotuba, indicating that during the period of sedimentation of black shales under anaerobic conditions there would be large quantities of organic species living in the sea. But in the section of grayish-green mudstones interbedded with limestones with intense negative carbon isotopic anomalies almost no organic fossil has been found. This may imply that the anaerobic event seems to have little bearing on the mass extinction near the Precambrian/Cambrian boundary, whereas the intense negative carbon isotopic anomaly event appears to be more closely related to the mass extinction occurring near the Precambrian/Cambrian boundary.     

离子色谱法测定高纯镁砂中痕量无机阴离子

采用阴离子交换色谱电导检测法分析高纯镁砂（MgO）中的无机阴离子。MgO粉末在管式电炉1250-1350℃高温下通氧气加热，硫酸盐和氯化物等受热分解，气态生成物被40mL含25mg镁粉的0．25mol／LNaOH溶液吸收。方法的回收率为93．7％-95．3％，精密度（RSD，n=5）为4．32％-4．63％。对若干相关的分析技术问题，亦进行了讨论。     

用分层稳健线性估计法从机载LIDAR数据中获取DEM

评述了利用机载激光扫描数据进行DEM提取的4类典型算法,分析了各自的优缺点.在此基础上,提出了利用双重策略进行数据滤波的方法,即分层稳健线性估计法.该算子同时利用小波分层滤波法和稳健线性估计法,以克服两种算法单独使用时的不足,即小波分层滤波算子没有有效策略保证参考面的精度;稳健线性估计法不能有效过滤数据中的粗差.利用该算法策略对德国Nahrodde地区的数据进行了实验,并将实验结果与用TerraScan软件获取的真实值进行了比较,结果表明分层稳健线性估计法不仅具备小波分层滤波算法和稳健线性估计法这两种滤波算法的优点,而且还可以克服这两种算法固有的缺点,从而实现了直接从原始数据中有效获取地面点的目的.     

第四讲 中期物理-统计天气预报

各种时间尺度和空间尺度的天气现象和过程都具有其不同程度的随机性.从四十年代开始,统计气象学得到蓬勃发展,作为它的一个重要分支——统计天气预报方法也应运而起,五十年代后期,在台站预报业务中得到广泛应用,为台站技术人员所熟悉.统计预报就是依据现在和过去观测到的天气事实,利用和构思一些公式、图型、表格或算法,给出未来各个时刻某种天气事件将要发生的概率,或者某种天气要素的期望值.在统计预报中,既要根据不同的预报对象选取合适的数字模型来分析寻找内在的统计规律或进行统计推断,又要十分注意选择有物理意义的因子.     

大洲岛海洋生态国家级自然保护区的保护探讨

文章阐述了大洲岛海洋生态国家级自然保护区的生物多样性现状和管理现状,分析了保护区存在的生态问题,提出了实行社区共管、建立生态教育基地的建议。     

青海湖克土沙地沙棘林的防风固沙机制与效益

沙棘造林是青海湖克土沙地主要治沙措施,通过改变风速廓线垂向风速增加幅度、增加地表粗糙度和改变风沙流结构的机制实现沙棘林的防风固沙效益。根据2010-2012年连续3 a的沙棘沙丘与流动沙丘的春季风沙观测和植被调查,沙棘沙丘的风速廓线对数递增规律、输沙量和沙粒粒径的指数递减规律均被破坏;2012年沙棘沙丘在1 m高度以下的防风作用增加到22.75%,总体固沙效益较2010年增加近10%;同时,沙棘林的防风固沙效益随着风速增大而减弱,随植株高度与冠幅增加而增强。综合风沙防护机制与效益,沙棘造林技术在克土沙地以及整个高寒沙地生态治理中极具推广意义。