山东半岛2000～2014年蒸散发时空分异特征

蒸散发的时空格局分析对于合理利用水资源、水资源短缺问题的解决以及旱涝灾害预警和监测具有重要意义。基于山东半岛区域气象资料、MOD16遥感影像数据集及GIS背景信息,分析了山东半岛20002014年地表蒸散量的时空变化特征及趋势,并在年时间尺度上通过基于像元的相关分析法分析了蒸散量与降水和气温的相关性。研究结果表明:在研究时段内平均蒸散量年际波动较大,波动范围为397.9479.8mm,多年蒸散平均值为440.78mm;其中2003年和2008年蒸散量最大,分别超出平均值77.3mm和81.9mm。除水体、滨海湿地外,ET年平均值有明显的由东南向西北递减的特征,降水量和地表植被覆盖度的差异是其空间变异的主要因素。蒸散量与气象因素的相关分析表明,年平均降水量与蒸散量变化呈现明显的正相关关系（0.663）,温度与蒸散量呈显著负相关关系（-0.143）,NDVI与蒸散量相关性较弱（0.33）。     

东海南部海域夏秋季沿岸流特征

Current characteristics and vertical variations during summer and autumn in the southern East China Sea were investigated by measuring current profile, tide, wind, and wave data for 90 d from July 28 to October 25, 2015. Our results are:(1) The current was mainly a(clockwise) rotating flow, displaying reciprocating flow characteristics,and vertically the current directions were the same throughout the vertical profile.(2) The horizontal current speed was strongest during August(summer) with an average speed of 51.8 cm/s. The average current speeds during spring tides were highest in August and weakest in September, with speeds of 59.9 and 42.8 cm/s,respectively.(3) Considerable differences exist in average current speeds in different layers and seasons. The highest average current speeds were found in the middle–upper layers in August and in the middle–lower layers in September and October.(4) The residual current speed was highest in August, when the speed was 12.5–47.1 cm/s,whereas the vertical average current speed was 34.3 cm/s. The depth-averaged residual current speeds in September and October were only 50% of that in August, and the residual current direction gradually rotated in a counter-clockwise direction from the lower to surface layers.(5) Typhoon waves had a significant influence on the currents, and even affected the middle and lower water layers at depths of >70.0 m. Our results showed that the currents are controlled by the dynamic interplay of the Taiwan Warm Current, incursion of the Kuroshio Current onto the continental shelf, and monsoonal changes.     

美国荒野风景河流的空间分布特征及其对中国的启示

美国荒野风景河流体系是全球最早建立的河流保护地类型。经过50年发展,其完善的体系呈现出一定空间分布特征。将线状国家荒野风景河流（NWSR）抽象为点状单元,对208个NWSR单元进行空间计算,并与自然生态和社会经济等因素进行叠加分析。结果表明,美国已有40个州分布NWSR,其中以俄勒冈等3个州的数量分布最多,且集中分布于特定的区域：西部的太平洋海岸、落基山脉和山间高地3个自然地理区;极地、温湿润、干旱3个Ⅰ级生态区;太平洋西北部、加利福尼亚、阿拉斯加及五大湖4个流域。NWSR线密度与州域的人口密度、经济水平相关性不强,但与大坝建设密切相关。荒野思想影响了法案制定,法案指导了遴选标准,遴选标准又进一步影响了NWSR的空间分布。研究对中国的借鉴意义在于：应当明确保护地指导思想、关注价值突出区域、确定合适遴选标准、重视保护地系统规划等。     

最小二乘配置在钢结构建筑物沉降监测中的应用研究

根据最小二乘配置可以推估与观测值并无关系的未测点参数特点,文章给出一种钢结构建筑物沉降监测预报新方法,取得了较好的效果.研究结果表明,在建筑物变形监测数据处理中最小二乘配置是一种有效的分析方法.     

流域人类活动对三角洲演变影响研究进展

三角洲的形成系陆、河、海共同作用的产物,三角洲的演变对于陆海相互作用(Land-Ocean Interac-tions in the Coastal Zone,LOICZ)具有敏感的和重要的指示意义,对三角洲演变的研究已经成为全球变化研究的一个重要方面。例如,IGBP-LOICZ第一期工作是以海岸带物质通量和循环特征为     

Experimental Research on Wave Transmission over Submerged Rubble-Mound Breakwaters

This paper discusses some previous, and presents some new experimental results on wave transmission oversubmerged breakwaters. The objective of this study is to evaluate wave transmission coefficient and develop two-dimensional (2D) model as an improvement to the existing wave transmission coefficient models. Factors which affect wave transmission over submerged breakwaters are discussed through series of laboratory experiments. Basic recommendations for evaluation and design of submerged rubble-monud breakwaters are presented.From the test results, calculation formula of wave transmission coefficient is proposed.     

A Preliminary Study on the Calculating Method for the Evolution of Siltation and Erosion of Tidal Flat Based on GIS

The estuary and coast is an area where the land and the sea interact and a place in which human beings frequently move about so that understanding and controlling the change and development modes of the coastal landform plays a vital part in exploiting and protecting coastal resources. A model is the generalization and abstraction of objective things. This paper summarizes four methods for the landform development of the tidal shore and underwater delta, mainly discusses the model‘s structural elements, and presents their specific application on the basis of the authors‘ case study. With the application of the profile model, the dynamic change of coastal landform can be clearly seen by contrasting the different profiles of different years. Through the shrinking, expanding and transformation of the isobath, plane model is used to study the macro-change of the shoal and the coastal landform. Speed model is an efficient means to analyze the trend of erosion and deposition and the local change in a great area of the sea. Statistical survey model is a static analysis, which can be used to establish the relationship between the erosion and deposition of the shoal and the altitude and slope of survey spot.     

辽宁省地质环境监测网点控制程度浅析

根据辽宁省地质、水文地质、地貌单元特征,结合国民经济建设及现代科技发展进程,辽宁省地质环境监测网点的布设从以地下水环境监测为主,逐步向地质灾害监测方向扩展,监测内容从单一的地下水监测扩展到地质灾害监测.为了满足可持续发展的需要,应随时调整完善全省地质环境监测网点,以国内外最新发展的3S技术为依托,以监测采集的数据为主要信息来源,进行实时环境监测、分析,实现环境监测自动化.     

智慧平顶山时空信息云平台建设成效初显

正为贯彻落实平顶山市政府召开的时空信息大数据与云平台推广应用会议工作部署要求,平顶山市测绘地理信息局在3月至5月期间省市合力、建用并举,云平台项目阶段性成果应用成效显著,得到各方认可和好评。为科学谋划、统一思想,该局主动与20余个市直单位和5个市辖区负责同志进行对接,组织专业技术人员到市水利局、文物局、环保局、教育局、公     

基于精密单点定位的双星导航精度与稳定性研究

采用精密单点定位(PPP)的方法,分别进行静态实验和动态实验,对重庆主城地区的BDS与GPS定位的精度进行研究,发现BDS系统的可视卫星数量明显多于GPS系统,但在稳定性上稍稍弱于GPS,对比BDS卫星导航定位系统、GPS卫星导航定位系统以及BDS/GPS组合定位的精度及时效性,得出了BDS/GPS组合定位精度更高且时效性更好的结论.