实物地质资料管理的信息化建设

建设实物地质资料管理信息化系统的意义 实物地质资料是指在地质工作中形成的、对地球科学研究、地质调查、矿产开发工作具有重要利用价值的岩矿心、岩屑、各类标本、光薄片、化石、测试样品等。实物地质资料与地质工作中形成的文字、图表、声像、电磁介质等原始地质资料、成果地质资料非实物地质资料一样，是研究和评价地质矿产的重要依据，是各类地质工作中积累的资料信息，是地质工作中形成的最宝贵的结晶。     

榆木山构造带深部结构及隆升成因

新生代以来,欧亚与印度两大板块间的碰撞拼合及后续的汇聚挤压塑造了现今青藏高原的高海拔地形地貌和巨厚地壳。位于青藏高原最北缘的榆木山构造带,其内部构造变形的几何学和运动学特征记录了地球最新演化历史过程中,构造、剥蚀和气候变化之间的复杂关系。长期以来,其构造成因和属性一直存在争议。本文通过对最近完成的深地震反射剖面的初步处理,其反射剖面初步揭示了榆木山构造带的深部地壳结构:榆木山构造带之下莫霍面深度为45～48 km,整体由北向南加深;同时,深部反射和地表层析速度成像结果显示榆木山下方存在明显的反射透明区、高速异常体,结合地表地质调查,推测其可能为花岗岩体,同早古生代祁连洋的闭合有关;在榆木山构造带之下存在明显的壳内滑脱面,推测其隆升受控于两条背向逆冲断裂带的控制。本文同时结合其他地质地球物理资料,初步提出了青藏高原北缘的演化模型,为青藏高原北缘的向北扩展、盆山耦合及块体间关系提供了新的思路。     

大别造山带地壳速度结构与动力学

1994年完成的大别造山带深地震测深剖面（全长420km）穿越了华北地块,大别造山带和扬子地块三个构造单元．获得了垂向成层、横向分块的地壳纵、横波速度结构．结合地质、地球化学研究成果,大别山地壳可分为三层：上地壳是多重叠覆的构造岩石层,中地壳为韧性变形层,下地壳整体成分偏酸性．大别山地表及浅部的超高压变质岩石具有典型的薄皮构造特征．本文提出大别山不同期双向俯冲造山模式和超高压变质岩石的反向加楔退拔折返机制;大别山腹地至今仍保留6-8km厚的山根．     

East-west crustal structure and "down-bowing" Moho under the northern Tibet revealed by wide-angle seismic profile

We recognized 6 sets of reflecting P- and S-wave events from Moho and other interfaces within the crust, respectively, with the wide-angle seismic data acquired from 510 km-long Selincuo-Ya'anduo profile in the northern Tibet, fitted the observed events with forward modeling, and interpreted crustal structure of P- and S-wave velocities and Poisson's ratio under the profile. The results demonstrate that the crustal structure between Yarlungzangbo and Bangong-Nujiang sutures changes abruptly, and the crust is the thickest at the middle part of the profile with thickness of 80 km or more. The "down-bowing" Moho is the striking feature for the crustal variation along the west-east direction. The Moho uplifts with steps, and the uplifting rate westward is greater than that eastward. The heterogeneity of P- and S-wave velocities exists both vertically and horizontally, and one lower velocity layer (LVL) exists with the depth range of 27-34 km and the thickness range of 5-7 km. For the upper crust, Poisson's ratio is the lowest at the middle part of the profile; for the lower crust, the Poisson's ratio at the east segment is lower than that at west segment, which means that the crustal rigidity for the upper crust is different from the lower crust, and the lower crust under the east segment of the profile is more ductile. We infer that the substance in the lower crust endured eastward flow along with the collision between Eurasian and Indian plates, and the "down-bowing" Moho is attributable to the multi-phase E-W tectonic processes.     

藏北地壳东西向结构与“下凹”莫霍面——来自宽角反射剖面的启示

根据藏北色林错-雅安多510余公里长地震剖面上纵横波特征所识别的来自于莫霍反射及壳内反射震相,通过正演拟合解释了该纵剖面地壳纵横波速度与Poisson比结构.研究结果显示,雅鲁藏布江与班公湖-怒江两条缝合带之间地壳结构东西向变化剧烈,岩石圈结构在剖面中部厚度最深,达到80余公里;莫霍面东西向变化呈现“下凹”特征,自莫霍面“下凹”处沿剖面东西方向呈阶梯状抬升,且西向抬升速度较东向大;地壳内纵横波速度纵向（深度域）与横向（东西方向）均存在非均一性现象,且上地壳内27～34km深度处存在厚度约5～7km的低速层.上地壳内,剖面中段介质的Poisson比较剖面东段与剖面西段的低;下地壳内,剖面东段的Poisson比较剖面西段的Poisson比低.上地壳内介质的刚性变化特征不同于下地壳内介质的刚性变化特征,剖面东段下地壳内物质较剖面西段的刚度小,并蕴含着藏北地区下地壳物质伴随欧亚与印度板块碰撞而东向流动.藏北地区地壳结构东西向变化趋势与莫霍面“下凹”特征可能源于多期构造作用的叠加效应.