1989-2003年中国北方土地覆被变化

The 13 provinces （autonomous regions and municipalities） in northern China are located in latitude 31°-54°N and longitude 73°-136°E including Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, and Xinjiang, where environments are fragile. In recent years, the eco-environmental problems such as vegetation destruction, desertification and soil erosion etc. become serious because of climate change and unreasonable human activities. In this paper, landscape pattern and its evolution in northern China from 1989 to 2003 was investigated by the combined use of RS and GIS based on the basic theory and method of landscape ecology. Land use/cover maps of the study area in 1989, 1999 and 2003 were produced by using 1 km monthly NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer （AVHRR） and SPOTNGT Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） dataset from national climate bureau of China which were geo-registered to Lambert azimuthal equal-area map projection and were used in the paper. Landscape evolution in the area over the study period was investigated by two methods： （a） the changes of various landscape metrics were analyzed using the landscape structure analysis program FRAGSTATS; （b） the transition matrix of landscape patch types was calculated with the help of the RS and GIS software. The results showed that from 1989 to 2003, the landscape within the study area had undertaken a complicated evolution in landscape structure and composition. The diversity index and evenness index increased during the period, which means that the landscape pattern tended to be diversified and even. The fragmentation index of grassland, forestland and water areas also increased significantly. This showed that the distribution and structure of forestland, grassland and water areas had been changed greatly during the period, especially grassland which became more and more fragmentized, and its fragmentation index increased from 19.23% to 88.72%. The transi     

新疆贝勒库都克岩体的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

贝勒库都克正长花岗岩体位于东准噶尔贝勒库都克富碱花岗岩带中,该带由正长花岗岩、钠铁闪石花岗岩、钠闪石花岗岩体组成.通过对贝勒库都克正长花岗岩体锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄测定,获得306±5 Ma的206Pb/238U年龄,表明岩体侵位时代为晚石炭世末.结合前人的年龄数据限定了贝勒库都克富碱花岗岩带形成时代为晚石炭世末一早二叠世初(307～290 Ma).岩石地球化学表明,贝勒库都克正长花岗岩具有富硅、碱、REE、Rb、Th、Ce、Nd、Hf元素,贫Ba、Sr、P、Ti、Eu、Nb、Zr元素,富集轻稀土,强负铕异常,(Ga/Al)×104=4～4.1,具有A2型花岗岩特征.贝勒库都克富碱花岗岩的形成是紧随造山运动之后发生,形成于后碰撞阶段的张性构造环境中.     

天山-兴蒙成矿域岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床地质特征和成矿动力学背景

天山-兴蒙成矿域是中亚成矿域的重要组成部分,中亚造山带演化过程中,形成了大量的镁铁-超镁铁岩石和岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床,自西向东主要有菁布拉克、喀拉通克、黄山东和红旗岭等岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床,构成重要内生金属矿床富集区.含矿镁铁-超镁铁岩带成岩成矿时代由西至东逐渐变新,暗示古亚洲洋盆由西向东剪刀式构造迁移过程,其岩浆作用记录了中亚造山带构造演化过程.     

重庆市土地利用现状遥感调查与国土资源信息系统应用

应用遥感资料,通过室内遥感信息解译和外业实地调查验证,将土地利用现状遥感解译的作者原图资料和地理、社会经济信息,在统一的软、硬件环境支持下进入国土资源信息系统,利用系统的特有功能,实现了对重庆市土地利用现状与社会经济状况的综合分析.     

重庆市地质灾害信息管理系统设计

文章在对重庆市地质灾害调查研究的基础上介绍了重庆市地质灾害信息管理系统的设计。该系统面向用户，依据科学性、实用性和开放性的原则建立了详细的地质灾害基础数据库，并且以MapGIS和Mapinfo作为后台支持，利用VB语言进行开发，具有数据输入、检索、数据统计、图形浏览、媒体播放、信息输出等功能。该系统的研制具有巨大的社会、经济和生态效益。     

“中亚型造山与成矿”国际学术研讨会取得圆满成功

2007年9月18日—24日,由新疆维吾尔自治区科学技术厅、国家自然科学基金委员会地球科学部、中国科学院资源环境科学与技术局、中国石油天然气集团公司新疆油田公司联合主办,新疆维吾尔自治区人民政府国家305项目办公室承办的"中亚型造山与成矿"国际学术研讨会在新疆成功召开.来自哈萨克斯坦、俄罗斯、英国、澳大利亚,中国大陆以及香港和台湾的     

重庆市地质灾害数据库设计与建设

灾害信息管理在减灾工作中占有重要地位。世界各国非常重视灾害数据库的建设。我国灾害数据库研究较为薄弱。重庆市地质灾害频繁,但灾害信息的管理缺乏有效的管理方法。因此,在这一地区设计和建立标准统一、功能完善的的地质灾害时空数据库无疑具有十分重要的意义。论文从数据库的概念性设计、逻辑设计和数据库实体建设等方面详细介绍了重庆市地质灾害数据库的设计和建设过程。概念性设计中对重庆市地质灾害数据库的内容、灾害信息的分类编码、数据库的宏观地理定义进行了设计;逻辑设计中侧重对数据库中空间数据和属性数据的结构以及图形属性数据库一体化进行设计;最后,文章从图形数据库和属性数据库2个方面详细介绍了如何进行重庆市地质灾害数据库的实体建设。     

1987-2006年北方13省土地利用/覆盖变化驱动力分析

以北方13省为研究区,利用主成分分析与逐步多元回归分析方法,分析了研究区土地利用/覆盖变化的驱动机制.结果表明:(1)由于地域差异的原因,各个子区域中土地利用/覆盖类型变化的驱动因子有所不同;(2)社会经济要素是研究区土地利用/覆盖变化的主导驱动因子,尤其是人口因素发挥着重要作用;(3)气温、降水等自然因子对区域土地利用/覆盖变化也具有一定的制约作用,主要表现在东北和西北等受自然要素限制较为突出的地区.政策驱动因子在研究中没有得到反映,但不难判定国家生态环境政策无疑也对区域土地利用/覆盖的变化起到了非常重要的作用.     

三峡库区重庆段水土流失的时空格局特征

Soil and water loss has been the most serious eco-environmental problem in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing. In this paper the authors studied the spatiotemporal features of soil and water loss from 1999 to 2004 based on RS and GIS techniques. The results showed that: (1) The soil and water loss area decreased from 1999 to 2004. (2) Soil and water loss mainly exists in purple soil, yellow soil, limestone soil, paddy soil and yellow brown soil distributed areas. (3) The dry slope land and sparse woodland that are intensively influenced by human activities experienced most serious soil and water loss. (4) Soil and water loss in the study area indicated an obvious vertical differentiation characteristic. (5) There is a significant correlation between soil and water loss and slope. (6) There is no obvious correlation between soil and water loss and aspect. (7) Soil and water loss mainly exists in the values of R between 300 and 340 distribution area. The very-high soil and water loss has obvious correlation with R. Foundation: National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40801077; Science & Technology Research Project Supported by Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, No.KJ070811; Doctoral Fund of Chongqing Normal University, No.06XLB004; Project by Chongqing Water Conservancy Bureau Author: Li Yuechen (1974–), Ph.D and Associate Professor, specialized in the study of remote sensing application and land use/land cover change.     

基于RS与GIS的三峡库区(重庆段)人居环境适宜性评价

To explore geographical differences in quantitative characteristics and spatial pat-tern of human settlements environmental suitability (HSES) in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA),terrain,climate,hydrology,vegetation and other natural factors were selected to build the livable environmental evaluation,and the quantitative analysis was conducted through Remote Sensing(RS) and Geographic Informational System (GIS) to reveal geo-graphical characteristics and spatial patterns of HSES.The results are obtained as follows:(1) inhabitants of the TGRA of Chongqing are concentrated in the area with moderate high HSES,which is 78% of the total population distributed in 48% of the study area;(2) the HSES is closely related to the terrain,and it forms an arc-banded spatial succession pattern:relatively low in the northeast and the southeast while comparatively high in the west and the south;(3) large numbers of people are distributed in the area with low suitability (with higher population density than the average of the western China),but economic development level in these areas is quite low.Moreover,these areas are ecological sensitive and fragile,many kinds of eco-environmental problems have been caused by human activities.Therefore,population migration and layout are reasonable options for the development of these areas.