全球40～150s的勒夫波和瑞利波相速度分布

尽管对地球的三维结构已有了很多了解，但现有地球模型没有充分引入已知的近地表较大的结构扰动。例如，大陆和海洋地壳结构差异是久为人知的，这种差异在沿着人陆和海洋路径传播的勒夫波和瑞利波的频散表现得很明显，而且在周期小丁100s时这种差异更大。现有的全球模型不能充分解释这种现象，由于全球地壳参数不完整，模型中对地壳结构的考虑是很近似的。因此，地壳厚度变化产生的模型假象延伸到很深处。这可以认为是现存全球模型分辨率不精确的一种表现。为了建立较高分辨率的地球外层(0～200km)模型，必须通过对近地表介质深度分布细节敏感的数据分析获得对近地表结构更加精确的认识。首先，我们分析了大量的基阶勒夫波和瑞利波波形资料，得到了周期40～150s的全球相速度分布图，确定了大约24000条GDSN和GEOSCOPE在1980～1990年间数字地震记录沿短大圆路径和长大圆路径的相速度。为了自动测量相速度，我们发展了非线性波形反演法。在这种方法中，速度和振幅，作为频率的函数，以B-样条展开。波形数据朋来反演B-样条系数，为了避免如振幅谱缺口引起的不良效应，相位模糊的问题引入了明确的光滑度约束。价值函数(最小二乘意义上的最小化)代表了许多局部极小值，并且需要一个较好的初始模型，我们刚群速度积分得到该模型。然后，用这种新方法所得测量结果反演全球勒夫波和瑞利波相速度分布，以球谐函数展开的形式表示。我们给出了直到40阶的相速度分布图。这些分布图作了冈球谐函数展开截断可能引起的人为误差。我们给出了详细的分辨率分析，全球面波层析成像的横向分辨率约2000km。勒夫波相速度，在长周期与已知上地幔结构相关性较高，在短周期与地壳结构相关性较高。同样地，瑞利波相速度与已知构造特征的一致性较好，由于结构采样深度不同，并没有反映出明显的地壳特征。     

On the sand surface stability in the southern part of Gurbantnggt Desert

Longitudinal dunes,also known as linear dunes,are the most widespread of all dune types,which occupy1/2to2/3of the total area in the world sand seas.They mainly occur in the southern part of Africa,Arabian Peninsular,Australia,Central Asia and North Af-rica-Middle East regions[1],in China they mainly ap-pear in the Gurbantnggt Desert.Many researches have been done on wind dynamics of the sand dune and its relations with environmental conditions[2—9],but comprehensive studies on sand …     

地震安全性保障对策

当今世界所有工业发展国家关于安全以及居民、地区、国民经济工程设施对人为灾害和自然灾害的防护问题,已成为没有地理和民族界限的最重要的社会经济、人口学和生态研究问题。因此,建立与地震安全性保障有关的国家科技课题是极为重要的。在哈萨克斯坦,研究人员拓展了地震监测系统构思,在其基础上制定了优先问题的计划:——研究地震危险性评定的方法学和编制不同比例尺的地震区划图以作为进行建设和合理利用土地的标准文件。——研究地震发生地点、强度和时间预报的方法,建立地震活动性和地震预报的地震监测系统。——研究监测的方法学,对有…     

地震过程破坏后果预测的科学原理和方法

14.1关于地震后果哈萨克斯坦地区广阔,它包括西哈萨克斯坦、克孜勒奥尔达、南哈萨克斯坦、江布尔、阿拉木图和东哈萨克斯坦(州),这些地区都属于地震危险区域。地震最活动地区是天山、准噶尔阿拉套、塔尔巴哈台和阿尔泰造山作用地区。在19世纪末和20世纪初,仅天山地区就发生了数次破坏性地震,其中韦尔诺耶、奇利克和克明地震列入世界灾难性地震。这些地震的烈度为8—11度,地震导致人员死亡,建筑物破坏。例如,1911年1月4日克明地震,震级为M8.2,震中烈度大于11度,人员伤亡245人;1887年6月9日韦尔诺耶地震,震级为M7.3,烈度9—10度,在韦尔诺耶城…     

海南博螯沿岸地貌与人类活动的潜在影响

The Boao coastal system along the eastern coast of Hainan Island is a dynamic delta-tidal inlet-barrier formed during the late Holocene. The delta developed inside a shallow lagoon barred by a sandy barrier with a narrow, shallow tidal inlet opening. Two major distributary channels separated by small islands characterize the delta. The lagoon is silting up receiving and trapping sediments from both the river and, in minor measure during storms, through the tidal inlet opening and barrier washovers. The barrier at the tidal inlet is highly dynamic and changes its form, accreting (migrating spit) against the inlet during fair-weather conditions and being eroded during storms and river floods.The delta has almost completely filled the lagoon and major concerns exist on the effect that ongoing large development plans may have on the environment. These concerns include the effect on floods and rate of siltation once banks of the islands have been stabilized and floodwater and sediment load are impeded from spreading over the lowlands, and the effect of increasing pollutant loads from the new facilities on the ecosystems of the increasingly restricting lagoon water and on the seashores.     

hts as 1777577,400172,43

;Dang-gui;Bai-shu;Fu-ling;polyhexose;HPLC;GC国家新药基金(969010538);; 国家自然科学基金(30271604);; 教育部重点项目(104200)0中国实验方剂学杂志Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae22-25R285.5E057;6;EE057_6;顾维00090003000200210006;00090003000620-23正交试验探讨降香挥发油的最佳提取条件李奉勤,田志国,史冬霞,范文成,苏平菊,罗志宏,常美铃石家庄以岭药业股份有限公司,石家庄以岭药业股份有限公司,石家     

改进的能量守恒方法及其在CHAMP重力场恢复中的应用

An efficient method for gravity field determination from CHAMP orbits and accelerometer data is referred to as the energy balance approach. A new CHAMP gravity field recovery strategy based on the improved energy balance approach IS developed in this paper. The method simultaneously solves the spherical harmonic coefficients, daily Integration constant, scale and bias parameters. Two 60 degree and order gravitational potential models, XISM-CHAMPO1S from the classical energy balance approach, and XISM-CHAMPO2S from the improved energy balance, are determined using about one year＇s worth of CHAMP kinematic orbits from TUM and accelerometer data from GFZ. Comparisons among XISM-CHAMPO1S, XISM-CHAMPO2S, EIGEN-CGO3C, EIGEN-CHAMPO3S, EIGEN2, ENIGNIS and EGM96 are made. The results show that the XISM-CHAMPO2S model is more accurate than EGM96, EIGENIS, EIGEN2 and XISM-CHAMPO1S at the same degree and order, and has almost the same accuracy as EIGEN-CHAMPO3S.     

Seasonal and Interdecadal Variations of Heat Transport over the Northern Hemisphere

1Introduction Theglobalclimatechangehasbeenoneoftheprob lemschallengingtheworldinrecentyears.TheweatherandclimateonEarthhasbeeninvariationontimescalesfromseasonaltomillennialorevenlonger.ResearchesonvariationsofweatherandclimateintheNorthernHemispherehave…     

Literature review and bibliometric analysis on data-driven assessment of landslide susceptibility

In recent decades, data-driven landslide susceptibility models(Dd LSM), which are based on statistical or machine learning approaches, have become popular to estimate the relative spatial probability of landslide occurrence. The available literature is composed of a wealth of published studies and that has identified a large variety of challenges and innovations in this field. This review presents a comprehensive up-to-date overview focusing on the topic of Dd LSM. This research begins with an i...     

Effect of abutment modeling on the seismic response of bridge structures

Abutment behavior significantly influences the seismic response of certain bridge structures. Specifically in the case of short bridges with relatively stiff superstructures typical of highway overpasses, embankment mobilization and inelastic behavior of the soil material under high shear deformation levels dominate the response of the bridge and its column bents. This paper investigates the sensitivity of bridge seismic response with respect to three different abutment modeling approaches. The abutment modeling approaches are based on three increasing levels of complexity that attempt to capture the critical components and modes of abutment response without the need to generate continuum models of the embankment, approach, and abutment foundations. Six existing reinforced concrete bridge structures, typical of Ordinary Bridges in California, are selected for the analysis. Nonlinear models of the bridges are developed in OpenSees. Three abutment model types of increasing complexity are developed for each bridge, denoted as roller, simplified, and spring abutments. The roller model contains only single-point constraints. The spring model contains discrete representations of backfill, bearing pad, shear key, and back wall behavior. The simplified model is a compromise between the efficient roller model and the comprehensive spring model. Modal, pushover, and nonlinear dynamic time history analyses are conducted for the six bridges using the three abutment models for each bridge. Comparisons of the analysis results show major differences in mode shapes and periods, ultimate base shear strength, as well as peak displacements of the column top obtained due to dynamic excitation. The adequacy of the three abutment models used in the study to realistically represent all major resistance mechanisms and components of the abutments, including an accurate estimation of their mass, stiffness, and nonlinear hysteretic behavior, is evaluated. Recommendations for abutment modeling are made.