长乐市旅游资源利用现状及开发构想

福建省长乐市具有较丰富的旅游资源，为该市实现滨海旅游城市的目标提供了可能性。本文通过对长乐市旅游资源的调查分析，阐述了目前该市旅游资源的利用现状及存在的问题，并提出相应的对策。     

A STUDY OF RAPID DECAY TYPHOONS IN OFFSHORE WATERS OF CHINA

On the basis of NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and yearbooks of CMA tropical cyclones, statistical analysis is performed for 1949—2013 offshore typhoons subjected to rapid decay(RD). This analysis indicates that RD typhoons are small-probability events, making up about 2.2% of the total offshore typhoons during this period. The RD events experience a decadal variation, mostly in the 1960 s and 1970 s(maximal in the 1970 s), rapidly decrease in the 1980 s and 1990 s and quickly increase from 2000. Also, RD typhoons show remarkable seasonal differences: they arise mainly in April and July-December, with the prime stage being in October-November. The offshore RD typhoons occur mostly in the South China Sea(SCS) and to a lesser extent in the East China Sea(ECS); however, none are observed over the Huang Sea and Bo Sea.Composite analysis and dynamic diagnosis of the RD typhoon-related large-scale circulations are performed.Physical quantities of the composite analysis consist of 500-h Pa height and temperature fields, vapor transfer, vertical wind shear(VWS), density of core convection(DCC), and high-level jet and upper-air outflow of the typhoon. The results suggest that(1) at the 500-h Pa height field, the typhoon is ahead of a westerly trough and under the effects of its passing trough;(2) at the temperature field, the typhoon is ahead of a temperature trough, with an invading cold tongue present;(3) at the vapor transfer field, water transfer into the RD typhoon is cut off; and(4) at higher levels, the related jet weakens and the outbreak of convection becomes attenuated in the typhoon core. In addition, VWS bears a relation to the RD typhoon; in particular, strong VWS favors RD occurrence.The differences in RD events between the SCS and ECS show that for the RD, the VWS of the ECS environmental winds is markedly stronger in comparison with its SCS counterpart. The cold advection invading into the typhoons is more intense in the SCS than in the ECS, and the low-level vapor transfer and high-level outflow are weaker in the SCS RD typhoons.Data analysis shows that sea surface temperature(SST), VWS, and DCC can be employed as efficient factors to predict RD occurrence. With appropriate SST, VWS, and DCC, a warning of RD occurrence can be given 36, 30-36,and 30 h, respectively, in advance. These values suggest that atmospheric SST responses lag. Owing to this time lag,the prediction of RD typhoons is possible.     

利用陆地卫星资料研究海河口及大口河口悬浮泥沙分布

河流每年携带大量泥沙,在入海的河口区堆积,并向广阔的海域大面积扩散。其扩散的方向、距离、范围和浓度,对港口建设和航道回淤都有着重要影响。由于这些悬浮泥沙,在海洋中受到随空间和时间不断变化的潮汐、波浪和海流的作用,其扩散图形比较复杂。要想在大区域内取得同步信息,尤其对0—2米范围内的现象,运用常规的调查方法进行观测,是有一定困难的。然而,卫星观测具有多时相、多波段、视野广、可在大范围内取得同步瞬时信息的特点,这就为研究悬浮泥沙流的空间分布、扩散过程和运动规律提供了有效手段。     

东风山前寒武纪含铁建造金矿床中的稀土元素

东风山含铁建造金矿床中稀土元素含量普遍较低。东风山群是含矿层,其不同层位岩石和矿物的稀土含量有所差别。大理岩和含铁层中铁闪石的稀土含量最低,甚至低于稀土地壳丰度;上部角岩、下部角岩和石榴子石中稀土含量近似其他壳丰度;而板岩和花岗岩中稀土含量远高于其他壳丰度。稀土元素分布的特点反映了东风山金矿床形成于一个半封闭和较还原的海盆地,金矿化是在弱碱性条件下产生。黄铁矿中出现独居石类矿物,这可能与陆壳重熔改造形成花岗岩时产生的局部富轻稀土热液沿黄铁矿裂隙渗入有关。     

饼状/柱状分区统计地图参数设置界面优化

当前国内外在线专题地图制图平台模板式制图流程的视觉变量设计中缺乏对用户使用习惯和关注焦点的研究,难以有效满足用户灵活广泛的个性化需求。设计了一套在线饼状/柱状分区统计地图参数设置原型系统,以问卷调查的方式对该系统进行评价,首先获取用户对参数设置面板的位置偏好,然后通过层次分析法获取面板参数权重,由此提出在线饼状/柱状分区统计地图参数设计优化方案,以此作为改进原型系统界面设计的依据。     

确山南部的大型逆冲滑脱构造

确山南部地区是北秦岭剥蚀最深的区域。笔者等近年来在这里发现一暴露于地表、宽达20余公里的逆冲滑脱构造带,该带由产状近水平的逆冲及滑脱断层构成。滑脱面以上为华北板块以浅海相沉积为主的不同时代地层构成的往南逆冲的推覆体,滑脱面以下为由宽坪群及熊耳群变质火山岩构成准原地的基底。本文较详细地介绍了这一构造带的结构,并讨论其发生的区域构造背景。     

云南思茅盆地景谷地区下白垩统曼岗组风成砂岩沉积学特征及其古气候意义

本文通过野外剖面的观察和实测,室内薄片鉴定、阴极发光分析、粒度分析、扫描电镜及能谱测试分析,研究了云南思茅盆地景谷地区下白垩统曼岗组风成砂岩沉积学特征,详细了解了风成砂岩的发育特征,以期为研究区白垩纪古气候研究提供新的资料,为我国钾盐勘探提供一定的地质依据和新的思路。研究结果表明:1研究区曼岗组主要出露一套中—细粒石英砂岩、岩屑石英砂岩,发育中—大型交错层理、平行层理,碎屑颗粒分选中等-好,以次圆状-圆状为主,孔隙不发育,杂基含量少;2曼岗组中段发育具平行层理的石英砂岩,粒度分布呈双众数,带状分布,石英颗粒为浑圆状,颗粒表面见Fe、Mn质薄膜,颗粒表面具明显的碟形坑等特征,属于典型的风成砂岩,初步判定其沉积环境为风成沙丘和丘间沉积;3景谷地区下白垩统曼岗组风成砂岩,整体表现为干热型气候,曼岗组中段为丘间沉积,曼岗组上段和下段为沙丘沉积。其在搬运沉积成岩过程中经历了强烈的物理、化学风化作用,整体表现为氧化环境,风力较大,风速稳定,持续时间长。此外,可能还经历了一段时期的湿润性气候环境,这可能与大气降水、大气环流带的迁移,以及白垩纪海侵作用等有关。