基于可靠性的海洋石油平台维修策略研究

针对海洋石油平台传统维修方式依赖经验的缺陷,从可靠性分析角度来制定维修策略,包括确定最佳维修周期和制定设备的检修顺序。以胜利油田埕岛中心一号海洋石油动力平台电力系统为例,采用基于最小割集的数值仿真方法进行故障树分析,通过任务可靠度推出任务时间,实现以可靠性为中心的最佳预防性维修周期的确定。此外,对系统进行重要度分析,按关键重要度大小进行排序,从而制定设备的检修顺序。     

Zonal displacement of western Pacific warm pool and zonal wind anomaly over the Pacific Ocean

The thermal condition anomaly of the western Pacific warm pool and its zonal displacement have very important influences on climate change in East Asia and even the whole world. However, the impact of the zonal wind anomaly over the Pacific Ocean on zonal displacement of the warm pool has not yet been analyzed based on long-term record. Therefore, it is important to study the zonal displacement of the warm pool and its response to the zonal wind anomaly over the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Based on the NCDC monthly averaged SST (sea surface temperature) data in 2°×2° grid in the Pacific Ocean from 1950 to 2000, and the NCEP/NCAR global monthly averaged 850 hPa zonal wind data from 1949 to 2000, the relationships between zonal displacements of the western Pacific warm pool and zonal wind anomalies over the tropical Pacific Ocean are analyzed in this paper. The results show that the zonal displacements are closely related to the zonal wind anomalies over the western, central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. Composite analysis indicates that during ENSO events, the warm pool displacement was trigged by the zonal wind anomalies over the western equatorial Pacific Ocean in early stage and the process proceeded under the zonal wind anomalies over the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean unless the wind direction changes. Therefore, in addition to the zonal wind anomaly over the western Pacific, the zonal wind anomalies over the central and eastern Pacific Ocean should be considered also in investigation the dynamical mechanisms of the zonal displacement of the warm pool.     

创伤弧菌和哈氏弧菌双重PCR检测方法的建立及初步应用

根据创伤弧菌(Vibrio vulnificus)的溶细胞毒素基因序列和哈氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)的toxR基因序列,分别设计并合成两对特异性引物,通过PCR反应条件优化,测试两种菌的特异性和敏感性,建立双重PCR方法,同时快速检测V.vulnificus和V.harveyi。结果表明:纯培养V.vulnificus和V.harveyi的检测灵敏度分别是12 cfu/mL和18 cfu/mL,与无乳链球菌、海豚链球菌、副溶血弧菌及美人发光杆菌无交叉反应;此PCR检测方法具有良好的特异性、敏感性,具快速、高效等优点,对细菌V.vulnificus和V.harveyi诊断与防治具有较好的临床应用性。     

星际E型CH3CN与H2的碰撞跃迁速率系数的理论计算

继本文作者对星际Ａ型ＣＨ３ＣＮ与Ｈ２含超精细能级的碰撞过程的研究之后，又计算了星际分子云条件下Ｅ型ＣＨ３ＣＮ与Ｈ２的碰撞跃迁速率系数。为研究分子云与恒星形成区的物理、化学性质提供了有用的基础分子数据。     

宁芜型铁矿成矿作用的不可逆过程热力学研究

宁芜型铁矿(也叫玢岩铁矿)在成因上与火山岩、次火山岩有关，广泛分布于长江中下游一带。它们的共同特点是从高温到中低温的热液围岩蚀变很发育，蚀变与成矿作用关系密切。本文参考Hclgeson等人关于水-岩石相互作用，质量转移的不可逆过程热     

On the Taiwan Warm Current Water

With the use of historical data from their 1982-1985 special observation at the source area of the Taiwan Warm Current the authors conducted studies to clarify the temperature and salinity characteristics, variability, and origin of the Taiwan warm Current Water, and its influence on the expanding direction of the Changjiang Diluted Water.The main results are given below.(1)The Taiwan Warm Current Water can be divided into the "Surface Water of the Taiwan Warm Current" formed due to the mixing of the Kuroshio Surface Water flowing northward along the east coast of Taiwan with the Taiwan Strait Water, and the "Deep Water of the Taiwan Warm Current" originated from Kuroshio Subsurface Water to the east of Taiwan. It is characterized by stable low temperature and stable high salinity in summer. The maximum seasonal variation and maximum secular variation of temperature and salinity are 1.87℃, 0.26‰ and 2.96℃, 0.37‰, respectively.(2)The variation in strength of the Taiwan Warm Current is the main influe     

松辽盆地北部存在前寒武纪基底的证据

目前对松辽盆地是否存在前寒武纪结晶基底的认识存在分歧。笔者对松辽盆地北部早白垩世火山岩中锆石SHRIMP定年研究过程中,在多个样品中发现了古老锆石,其年龄表明这些锆石主要形成于前寒武纪,并且认为它们可能来源于盆地北部深层的基底岩石,是火山喷发过程中捕获的。锆石年龄大致可分为3组:(1848±34)Ma、(1600±29)Ma和(1293±41)Ma,指示了盆地基底在古元古代和中元古代期间经历的多次构造-岩浆作用事件,由此认为松辽盆地北部存在前寒武纪基底。     

利用坡缕石酸活化废液制备聚合氯化铝铁

坡缕石粘土生产活性白土的过程中产生的酸化废液会对环境造成严重污染,利用此废液,通过加入浓碱在一定条件下聚合制备了聚合氯化铝铁,最佳聚合pH值为4.0,所得产品基本符合GB15892-2003水处理剂国家标准.混凝实验结果显示,在480 mg/L的投药量下聚合氯化铝铁对自配水的浊度去除率最高可达98.3%,且适应的pH值范围较宽,处理效果优于其他常用絮凝剂.     

天然沸石曝气生物滤柱脱氮性能及生物再生

对二级天然沸石曝气生物滤柱的脱氮性能和生物再生进行了实验研究.研究结果表明,在进水有机负荷0.8～6.4 kgCOD/(m3·d)、水力负荷1～2 m/h、气水比1:1～4:1的工艺条件下,COD、氨氮和总氮去除率分别达到67%～90%、52%～82%和33%～67%;水中氨氮含量在10～30mg/L时,硝化速率为0.23mg/min.生物再生过程中,微生物不仅硝化解吸氨氮,还可以深入沸石孔道,直接利用沸石吸附的氨氮.分级分段进水可以提高沸石生物再生速度,减少再生时间.