CFCs及其代用品的全球增温潜能

本文用一维辐射·对流模式系统地研究了现有含氯氟烃气体(CFCs)及其可能代用品的辐射强迫、比地面增温效应和全球增温潜能(GWP).结果发现:大多数提议的代用品的GWP值明显小于现有的CFCs.这主要归因于:(1)它们所产生的辐射强迫和比地面增温效应较小,一般只有CFCs的50％—60％;(2)其大气寿命比CFCs短得多.     

关于北海道的开发

北海道经过四期开发,面貌发生很大变化。但仍存在问题,应充分利用它的优势因素,把北海道建成“教育和科研基地”、“观光和休假地”、及“国际化的交流据点”等。     

晚更新世以来我国北方沙漠地区的气候变化

本文通过地层沉积相等资料的分析,讨论了我国北方沙漠地区晚更新世以来的气候变化。     

温度控制对分光光度法测定pH的影响

海洋中二氧化碳含量增加,使得海洋生态环境发生变化。海洋碳循环及海洋酸化的监测数据是评估生态环境变化的重要指标,p H作为一项碳循环监测重要指标,其测量的精度指标要求达到千分之五,传统意义上的敏感电极法测量海水中p H测量精度为±0.2,已不能满足海水碳循环监测的要求,分光光度法测定海水p H无需校正,精密度±0.005,该方法可用于碳循环船基监测和岸基监测。分光光度法测定海水p H,测量环境和样品恒温于25℃,一般商用分光光度计无恒温功能,本研究通过恒温水循环系统,对分光光度计舱内侧壁及比色皿架外壁进行恒温设计,准确控制温度。结果表明,标准缓冲溶液在24.0℃,24.5℃,25.0℃,25.5℃和26.0℃下,p H随温度呈线性变化、5组实测p H值与公式计算理论值差值无显著差异。在25.0℃测定5个不同海水样本p H,均得到了稳定数值。     

城市地理空间数据集成应用探讨

城市地理空间数据是表达城市地理要素的数量、质量、分布特征、相互关系、变化规律的位置信息和属性信息。分析城市地理空间数据的组成结构、组织管理、集成利用,并将这些数据有效应用于城市地理信息系统建设之中,将在城市信息化道路上起到举足轻重的作用。该文以开发的"兰州市城关区地理信息集成系统"为例,重点阐述了城市地理空间数据的构成与获取方式,研究了城市地理空间数据与业务部门数据的集成方法,并对城市地理空间数据在晕渲图制作、三维景观生成、数据可视化等主要应用上进行了分析和探讨。     

Deep Penetration of Spudcan Foundation into Double Layered Soils

The spudcan foundation has been widely used in offshore engineering for jack-up figs. However, “punch through”failure often occurs where a stronger soil layer overlays a softer soil layer. In this study, spudcan penetration into double layered soils is investigated numerically. The soil profde is set up as a stronger soil layer overlaying a softer soil layer,with the soil strength ratio ( bottom soil strength / top soil strength) varied from 0.1 to 1.0 ( 1 means uniform soil). The bearing bohaviour is discussed and the beating capacity factors are given for various cases involving different layer thicknesses and different strength ratios of the two clay layers. The development of the plastic zones and the effect of soil selfweight on the beating capacity are also discussed. From this study, it is found that, when a spudcan is distant from the soil layer boundary, the spudean can be analysed with single soil layer data. However, when a spudcan becomes closer to the soil boundary layer, the influence of the lower soft soil layer is significant, and the beating capacity of the spudean decreases. The critical distance is an indication of the occurrence of “punch through” failure. The critical distance between the spudcan and the layer boundary is larger for a rough spudean than the one for a smooth one, and the critical distance decreases with increasing soil strength ratio. The depth of cavity formed during initial spudcan penetration depends on the top layer soil strength, soil strength ratio and unit soil self-weight, and the cavity affects the spudcan beating behaviour as well.