压力注浆在常张高速公路岩溶路基处理中的应用

岩溶性地基处理是公路建设中时常遇到的问题之一。结合常(德)—张(家界)高速公路岩溶路基注浆施工，介绍了压力注浆处理岩溶路基的施工工艺及相关的施工参数，并针对施工中出现的特殊问题提出了相应的处理措施。     

Correlation failure analysis of an uncertain hysteretic vibration system

In this paper, a numerical method for correlation sensitivity analysis of a nonlinear random vibration system is presented. Based on the first passage failure model, the probability perturbation method is employed to determine the statistical characteristics of failure modes and the correlation between them. The sensitivity of correlation between failure modes with respect to random parameters characterizing the uncertainty of the hysteretic loop is discussed. In a numerical example, a two-DOF shear structure with uncertain hysteretic restoring force is considered. The statistical characteristics of response, failure modes and the sensitivity of random hysteretic loop parameters are provided, and also compared with a Monte Carlo simulation.     

喀斯特地区土壤微生物功能多样性对生态演替的响应——以贵州茂兰国家自然保护区为例

利用BIOLOG ECO微平板法研究了喀斯特地区土壤微生物功能多样性对生态演替的响应情况。在研究区选取具有代表性的4个不同群落演替阶段：原生乔木林、次生乔灌混合林、灌丛、草坡,同时选择一个非喀斯特森林样地作为对照,对选取的不同生态系统土壤的微生物功能多样性进行研究。结果发现,随着乔木林逆向演替到灌丛的过程,微生物活性有逐渐降低的趋势,功能多样性对生态演替响应灵敏,土壤微生物在喀斯特地区比非喀斯特地区总体表现出更高的活性和丰富度,但群落均匀度较低,结构不稳定。主成分分析显示,演替使微生物的代谢模式产生了明显的分异,起主要分异作用的碳源是糖类、羧酸类和聚合物类。颜色变化率和主成分分析综合表明,演替进行到草坡阶段,较大的环境变化可能使土壤微生物采取了r-策略（r-strategistis）。根据逆向演替过程中土壤微生物功能多样性的变化,灌丛阶段可以视为岩溶生态系统整个演替阶段的阈值。     

中国南方调整水稻种植格局——一种水稻生产预先适应气候变化的选择(英文)

Rice planted in southern China accounts for 94% of the total in sown acreage and 88% of the total in production, which matters a lot to Chinese food security. However, due to the prolonged conflict between water availability and rice growth in spatial/temporal distribu-tion, rice production suffers from seasonal drought at acreage of 16%-22%, which compro-mises food production capacity and food security. Focusing on the spatial distribution of seasonal drought with rice and the practices to adapt to it, and based on an analysis of bal-anced water supply for and demand by rice at a growing season scale during 1981-2030, this paper assesses the changing seasonal drought in the process of rice production under the changing climate in the future, and identifies general rice re-cultivation options for climate change adaptation. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows. (1) Rice suggests a decline in seasonal drought, with early season rice (early rice hereafter) by 12,500 km2, middle season rice (middle rice) by 80,000 km2, and in particular late season rice (late rice) by 25,000 km2, which accounts for almost 20% of its cultivated acreage. It is indicated that due to climate change, seasonal drought in major rice producing areas tends to alleviate in general, late season rice in particular. (2) Future climate change brings about a significant impact on the spatial/temporal distribution of water resources in rice producing areas in China. Based on ’pre-designed’ adaptation actions for rice-re-cultivation, the rice cultivation pattern undergoes a significant alteration between 1981-2000 and 2001-2030. In eastern Guizhou and western Hunan, the pattern of single early plus single dry farming is changed into double cropping. In eastern Hunan, the pattern of dry cropping is changed into single early plus single dry farming. In northern Anhui, the pattern of dry farming cropping is changed into middle rice. All this is aimed at a potential adequate availability of water for rice production in the future. (3) Rice re-cultivation patterns developed in this paper help re-balance water demand and supply for rice growth using the spatial analysis tool to adapt rice growth to the changing water avail-ability from spatial perspective, and come up with rice producer-friendly re-cultivation options in response to climate change.     

基于决策树的洪湖水生植物遥感信息提取

以洪湖为研究对象,采用分类与回归树(classification and regression trees,CART)方法,根据训练样本数据集中挖掘分类规则,集成遥感影像的光谱特征、植被指数、水体指数、纹理特征等特征变量,建立研究区湿地信息提取的决策树模型;在此基础上,探究水体透明度对水生植物遥感信息提取的影响,依据特征变量有、无水体透明度,分别建立两类决策树,即有水体透明度参与的决策树(CART 14)和无透明度参与的决策树(CART 13);在训练样本和验证数据相同的情况下,对比采用CART 14、CART 13、支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)和最大似然分类(maximum likelihood classification,MLC)4种方法的分类结果的精度。研究结果表明,洪湖中水生植物覆盖面积约占洪湖湿地总面积的47%,洪湖中的水生植物以沉水植物为主;采用有水体透明度参与的决策树分类结果的总体精度比采用支持向量机和最大似然分类方法的分别提高了7.78%和16.36%,Kappa系数则分别增大了0.12和0.20,无水体透明度参与的仅比有透明度参与的决策树分类结果的总体精度降低了2.77%,Kappa系数减小了0.04。水体透明度的参与能提高分类精度,而无水体透明度参与的决策树分类结果的总体精度也高于其它传统方法的分类精度。因此,在实际湿地分类中,若无水体透明度数据,但决策树的辅助分类变量足够多时,无水体透明度参与的决策树也能较好地进行分类,提取水生植物信息。     

内蒙古乌拉山金矿黄铁矿的标型特征

系统研究了乌拉山金矿黄铁矿的产状，晶体宏观形态，晶面微形貌，化学成分，热电性方面的标型特征，提出了一系列的重要找矿标志，为矿床的成因研究和深部远景评价提供了矿物学依据。     

层状各向异性地层中三维感应测井响应快速计算及资料处理

本文采用广义反射系数法推导了水平层状各向异性地层中电磁场的积分解析解,并利用快速汉克尔变换技术实现了三维感应仪器测井响应的快速计算.三维感应测井响应与地层水平电导率、垂直电导率和井斜角及仪器方位角同时有关,单一分量的测井曲线不能满足资料解释的需要.通过对仪器测量分量响应特征的考察,本文提出了一种基于组合量测井曲线的资料直观解释方法.数值模拟显示,交叉分量相关组合量可准确划分地层纵向边界,并可直观识别各向异性层;与单独分量相比,主分量相关组合量提高了纵向分辨率、减弱了与地层电导率参数的非线性关系.     

北山－巴丹吉林地区石炭纪－二叠纪构造古地理及其演化

通过对北山－巴丹吉林地区石炭纪－二叠纪的沉积、古生物、岩浆岩、混杂岩、火山岩等的调查研究,认为 北山－巴丹吉林地区的构造古地理为由哈萨克斯坦板块、塔里木板块和华北板块３个板块和牛圈子洋(对应红柳 河－牛圈子－洗肠井蛇绿混杂岩带)、恩格尔乌苏洋(对应恩格尔乌苏蛇绿混杂岩带)２个大洋并存的格局.哈萨 克斯坦板块主要包括黑鹰山－马鬃山区;塔里木板块包括石板泉－杭乌拉区;华北板块主要包括乌力吉区.黑鹰 山－马鬃山区的构造古地理为黑鹰山弧后盆地和马鬃山岛弧;石板泉－杭乌拉区的构造古地理为被动大?边缘; 乌力吉区的构造古地理为乌力吉北岛弧和乌力吉弧后盆地.通过分析各构造古地理单元的特征和演化过程,认 为塔里木板块和哈萨克斯坦板块拼合时间为晚石炭世,塔里木板块与华北板块的拼合时间大致为晚二叠世.      

最大熵法与传统法海浪谱估计的比较

海浪功率谱是描述海浪波面随机过程的基本特征参数，它既可研究海浪能量相对于频率的分布，又可研究海浪波面对外表现的统计规律。因此，准确求出海浪频谱具有重要的实用意义。目前常用的海浪频谱估计自相关法和周期图法，它们都引进一些假设及某种权函数的主观意志。     

带丁坝型半封闭矩形海湾中M_2分潮潮波和潮流特性分析

将黄渤海海域概化为矩形海湾,山东半岛概化为垂直于海岸的巨型丁坝,形成一个带丁坝型半封闭矩形海湾。利用DELFT3D-FLOW计算模块在上述海湾中进行了M2分潮数值模拟,对其无潮点和辐射状潮流场的特性进行了分析。研究发现:考虑科氏力影响和巨型丁坝反射作用,坝前形成了明显的无潮点,但在等水深条件下并未形成辐射状潮流场,而叠加上倾斜海底地形后其得以形成;无潮点和辐射状潮流场顶端位置受水深影响明显,随着平均水深的增大,无潮点将向湾口和湾中轴线方向偏移,而辐射状潮流场顶端则向湾口方向偏移。研究结果有助于加深对带丁坝型半封闭矩形海湾中驻潮波系统形成机制和动力特性的理解和认识。