青海省东部农业区冰雹天气特征分析及预警指标研究

采用青海省东部农业区14个地面气象站冰雹观测资料，对2003-2017年青海东部农业区冰雹天气进行特征分析，利用天气雷达、高空、雷电观测资料对2003-2017年青海东部农业区20例典型冰雹天气个例进行分析研究。得出：(1)冰雹和雹灾集中出现在每年5-9月，冰雹天气7月最多，冰雹成灾8月最多。(2)0 ℃层高度变化对冰雹融化作用不明显；高空垂直风切变比对流有效位能更有指示意义。(3)冰雹雷达回波顶高普遍大于10 km，冰雹直径与回波顶高的线性相关强于冰雹直径与强回波中心高度的线性相关；垂直累积液态水含量普遍大于20 kg?m-2且垂直累积液态水含量增量大于10 kg?m-2时易发生雹灾；风暴顶部辐散正负速度差值对雹灾预警有指示意义，但与冰雹直径无明显相关性。(4)不同冰雹云产生的闪电频次差别很大，同一雹云相同时间内正闪次数越多，则降雹直径越大。利用以上结论统计得出冰雹预警指标、权重和预警区间，通过对预警指标进行历史回代和预报检验，历史回代拟合率达86.9％，预警准确率为80％。     

关于万能经纬仪威特T_4按恒星中天法测时的问题

万能经纬仪威特T_4,现在在国内已不算是罕见的仪器,因此今后在Ⅰ等天文作业上将会广泛地采用它。但是如何更好地使用此种仪器来测定Ⅰ等天文点的经度,不但国内无成例可援,即国外也无文献可供参考。苏联是广泛地     

宁夏水文计划管理信息系统建设探讨

根据水利部确立的以水利信息化带动水利现代化的发展思路,为了加快水文现代化建设,水文 计划管理信息系统的建设势在必行,本文提出了宁夏水文计划管理信息系统建设的规划     

基于离子光谱特征波段反射率的土壤碱化指标反演模型

以新疆奇台地区碱化土壤为研究对象,通过分析碱化土壤实测光谱反射率曲线与八大离子、pH、碱化指标相互间的相关关系,建立基于离子光谱特征波段反射率的各碱化指标一元及多元光谱反演模型,并对其精度进行验证。结果显示:Na^+、CO_3^2-、HCO_3^-含量与光谱反射率正相关,最高点的相关系数分别为0.710、0.798、0.749,而Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺含量与光谱反射率负相关,相关系数最高均不超过-0.370,反映出前3类离子含量与光谱反射率关系更为密切。SAR(钠吸附比)和ESP(碱化度)与Na+相关系数同为0.954,TA(总碱度)、RSC(残余碳酸钠)、pH与CO_3^2-的相关系数分别为0.946、0.949和0.953,总体上Na^+和CO_3^2-含量对各碱化指标的影响更大。各碱化指标与土壤光谱反射率的相关性TA>RSC>ESP>pH>SAR;其中TA与光谱反射率的相关系数达到0.863。碱化指标TA的离子光谱特征波段反射率反演模型精度最好,其R^2为0.703,比利用实测光谱反射率建立的pH反演模型的R^2高约14%,说明前者精度更高,能更好地反映研究区内土壤的碱化程度。利用离子光谱特征波段反射率实现对土壤碱化的预测会成为今后研究的重点。     

铜(Ⅱ)-苏氨酸-咪唑混配配合物的合成及其与DNA作用的光谱研究

为设计合成具有应用前景的低毒抗肿瘤药物,本文合成了1种未见报道的铜(Ⅱ) 苏氨酸 咪唑混配配合物。根据元素分析、红外光谱、差热 热重分析及摩尔电导率的测定对其进行表征;并以电子吸收光谱法及溴化乙锭(EB)荧光分析法研究了此种配合物与DNA的作用方式。结果表明:配合物[Cu(Thr) (Im ) 3 ]Cl·H2 O(HThr =DL -Threonine ,Im =Imi dazole)与DNA作用时,使DNA电子吸收光谱的吸收峰发生微小位移,但该配合物在一定程度上又能够猝灭EB DNA体系的荧光,表明此配合物与DNA是以弱的插入作用相结合。     

灰色关联度法在盘锦市曙光地区地下水水质评价中的应用

为了解辽河油田区域水资源环境背景和地下水水质变化趋势,本文选取盘锦市曙光地区6个水源地多年地下水水质监测资料,应用灰色关联度方法对地下水水质进行综合评价,结果表明近20年来,该区地下水水质逐渐变差,集中表现在Cl-和总矿化度较高,主要原因为油田污染及海水入侵等。     

基于Android的地下管线外业数据采集系统的开发与实现

指出了传统地下管线外业数据采集过程中的不足。在参照当前地下管线外业数据的记录方式和草图绘制方法的基础上,结合实际工作经验,对基于Android采用ArcGIS API开发的地下管线外业数据采集系统的存储结构和功能进行设计与实现。系统可以方便地对地下管线数字草图进行管理,实现地下管线空间信息和属性信息采集与编辑的内外业一体化,减少了作业工序,从而提高了作业效率和质量。     

Seasonal phenology of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans(Macartney) in Jiaozhou Bay and adjacent coastal Yellow Sea,China

Seasonal variations in numerical abundance, cell diameter and population carbon biomass of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans were studied for 10 years from 2004 to 2013 in Jiaozhou Bay and adjacent coastal Yellow Sea, China, and their ecological functions were evaluated. In both areas, N. scintillans occurred throughout the year and demonstrated an essentially similar seasonality; the cell abundance increased rapidly from the winter minimum to an annual peak in late spring and early summer, and decreased gradually toward the autumn-winter minimum. The peak abundance differed by years, and there was no consistent trend in long-term numerical variations. The cell diameter also showed a seasonal fluctuation, being larger in spring and early summer than the other seasons. Estimated carbon biomass of N. scintillans population reached to a peak as high as 90.3 mg C/m~3, and occasionally exceed over phytoplankton and copepod biomass. Our results demonstrate that N. scintillans in northwestern Yellow Sea displays the seasonal phenology almost identical to the populations in other temperate regions, and play important trophic roles as a heterotroph to interact with sympatric phytoplankton and copepods.     

春、秋季南黄海浮游纤毛虫丰度及生物量的分布差异

Seasonal variation of marine plankton spatial distribution is important in understanding the biological processes in the ocean.In this study,we studied spatial distribution of planktonic ciliate abundance and biomass in the central deep area(station depth greater than 60 m) and the coastal shallow area(station depth less than 60 m) of the southern Yellow Sea(32°–36.5°N,121°–125°E) in spring(April) and autumn(October–November) of 2006.Our results showed that both ciliate abundance and biomass in the surface waters were higher in spring((1 490±2 336)ind./L;(4.11±7.81) μg/L) than in autumn((972±823) ind./L;(1.11±1.18) μg/L,calculated by carbon).Ciliate abundance and biomass in the surface waters of the coastal shallow area were similar in spring and autumn.However,in the central deep area,those values were much higher in spring((1 878±2 893) ind./L;(5.99±10.10)μg/L) than in autumn((738±373) ind./L;(0.74±0.76) μg/L).High values of ciliate abundance and biomass occurred in the central deep area in spring and in the coastal shallow area in autumn.Mixotrophic ciliate Laboea strobila was abundant in the central deep area in spring,when a phytoplankton bloom occurred.However,in autumn,L.strobila was abundant in the coastal shallow area.Boreal tintinnid Ptychocyli obtusa was found in spring.Both L.strobila and P.obtusa were concentrated in the surface waters when their abundance was more than 1 000 ind./L.Peaks of these species were in the subsurface waters when their abundance was less than 400 ind./L.This study showed that both high abundance and biomass of ciliates occurred in different areas in southern Yellow Sea seasonally.     

我国海域两种大型水母的分子鉴定

采用通用引物-PCR扩增法,测定了辽宁营口海蜇成体的部分16S基因序列578bp、部分COI基因序列633bp,以及黄海海域沙海蜇成体部分COI基因序列645bp、部分16S基因序列479bp.结果表明,海蜇个体间的16S序列只有一个变异位点,其余序列完全一致;COI序列共有4个变异位点,碱基之间只存在转换,没有颠换、插入或缺失的位点.沙海蜇个体间的COI序列碱基组成完全一致,16S序列碱基组成也完全一致.从辽宁盘锦和山东胶州所取的水母碟状体和稚水母的测序结果显示,COI序列与海蜇成体的差异为0.5%-0.6%,与沙海蜇成体的差异为18.9%-19.4%;16S序列与海蜇成体的差异为0.0%-0.2%,与沙海蜇成体的差异为13.1%-13.3%.以上结果表明,水母碟状体和稚水母都为海蜇而非沙海蜇.结合GenBank中已有的其它水母类COI基因同源序列信息,构建分子系统发育树.结果显示:轮环水母亚目(Kolpophorae)和指环水母亚目(Daktyliophorae)以及有肩板族(Scapulatae)和无肩板族(Inscapulatae)的分类划分,与传统分类一致.从分子水平上证明,在黄海海域采集的沙海蜇和在日本采集的越前水母的差异只处于种内水平,两者应为同物异名.