花岗岩风化料弃土快速堆填过程中不排水抗剪强度评估

沿海沿江城市地下开挖产生的工程渣土含泥量大、含水率高且较松散,主要运往渣土场进行堆填处置。由于产量巨大而处置场地有限,许多渣土场在运营过程中存在堆填速度快、缺乏排水设施、超高超库容堆填等问题,容易引发堆填体失稳事故。目前对于非饱和工程渣土堆体在快速堆填过程中的失稳机制认识尚不清晰,尤其是对这一过程中的高饱和度工程渣土强度增长规律缺乏足够的认识。以深圳红坳渣土场填料——花岗岩风化料(CDG)填土为研究对象,对不同初始饱和度土样进行三轴不排水不排气等向压缩和剪切试验,结果表明:非饱和CDG填土不排水抗剪强度随围压增大呈非线性增长,增长速率与试样初始饱和度密切相关;当土样压缩后的饱和度超过0.7,不排水强度随围压的增长速率显著降低。基于有效固结应力法的原理,结合Hilf孔压公式和修正剑桥模型,提出了一种工程渣土不排水抗剪强度估算方法,并通过与试验结果对比验证了该方法对初始饱和度高于0.6的CDG填土的适用性。利用该方法确定的不排水强度cu与正应力σn的关系可应用于高饱和度工程渣土快速堆填中的稳定性分析。     

CAUSAL ANALYSIS AND NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE INSHORE INTENSIFICATION OF SUPER TYPHOON “HATO”

This paper comprehensively analyzes the characteristics and cause of the inshore intensification of super typhoon "Hato", the 13 th super typhoon in 2017. The aspects of typhoon structure, evolution of large-scale circulation and physical quantity field are analyzed using observation data from the Guangdong Automatic Station, Shenzhen Doppler Radar data, NCEP 1°×1° reanalysis data, NCEP 0.25°×0.25° sea surface temperature(SST) data, etc.Additionally, in order to investigate the influence of SST change on the intensity of "Hato", the WRF model and ECMWF 0.125°×0.125° reanalysis data are combined to conduct 3 sensitivity tests on"Hato". The results show that the favorable conditions for inshore intensification of "Hato"included the strengthening and westward extension of the subtropical high, continuous increase of low level moisture transport, an anomalous warm SST area north of 20°N in the South China Sea, an extreme divergence value in the northern South China Sea exceeding 6 ×10-5 s-1, and vertical environmental wind shear between 1.1 m/s-4.8 m/s. The intensity of"Hato"was very sensitive to changes in SST. When the SST rose or dropped by 2℃, the minimum central pressure of the typhoon changed by about 13 hPa or 11 hPa,respectively. SST indirectly influenced the intensity of the typhoon through affecting latent heat transport and sensible heat transport.     

NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF AN EXTREME RAINSTORM OVER THE PEARL RIVER DELTA REGION ON 7 MAY 2017 BASED ON WRF-ENKF

An ensemble Kalman filter based on the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF-EnKF) is used to explore the effectiveness of the assimilation of surface observation data in an extreme local rainstorm over the Pearl River Delta region on 7 May 2017. Before the occurrence of rainstorm, the signals of weather forecasts in this case are too weak to be predicted by numerical weather model, but the surface temperature over the urban area are high. The results of this study show that the wind field, temperature, and water vapor are obviously adjusted by assimilating surface data of 10-m wind, 2-m temperature, and 2-m water vapor mixing ratio at 2300 BST 6 May, especially below the height of 2 km. The southerly wind over the Pearl River Delta region is enhanced, and the convergence of wind over the northern Guangzhou city is also enhanced. Additionally, temperature, water vapor mixing ratio and pseudoequivalent potential temperature are obviously increased over the urban region, providing favorable conditions for the occurrence of heavy precipitation. After assimilation, the predictions of 12-h rainfall amount, temperature, and relative humidity are significantly improved, and the rainfall intensity and distribution in this case can be successfully reproduced. Moreover, sensitivity tests suggest that the assimilation of 2-m temperature is the key to predict this extreme rainfall and just assimilating data of surface wind or water vapor is not workable, implying that urban heat island effect may be an important factor in this extreme rainstorm.     

GPS辅助数字摄影测量

数码相机在航空摄影测量中的应用,没有了传统胶片的冲洗等后处理过程,拍摄完毕马上就能对拍摄的影像质量以及拍摄有无漏洞进行检查,这就使得航摄作业快速、灵活、方便。GPS与数码相机结合应用于摄影测量将极大地减少航摄地面控制测量的工作量,这必将大力促进数码相机在摄影测量中的应用。     

海泥环境中阴极保护的边界元计算

根据阴极保护的特点,建立了用于数值计算的模型;采用边界元方法对海泥介质中的阴极保护系统进行了计算,获得了海泥中钢管表面以及海泥介质内部的电位分布。将计算的结果与测量的数据进行比较,两者具有较好的一致性。     

基于遥感数据的北极西北航道海冰变化以及通航情况研究

使用不莱梅大学AMSR-E(Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS)和AMSR2(Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2)日尺度海冰密集度数据,计算了2002—2018年加拿大北极群岛7—9月的平均海冰面积,研究了9月份平均海冰密集度变化特征;结合商船破冰能力确定海冰密集度阈值,选取西北航道关键区域,统计了西北航道的通航窗口,探讨了西北航道在实际商业通航方面的可能性。研究发现,在过去17年加拿大北极群岛的7—9月海冰面积整体呈下降趋势但有明显波动性, 9月份的海冰分布年际变化复杂,差异较大;在西北航道可通航的年份中,可通航的开始日期一般在8月份,结束日期在9月底至10月初,南路可通航时间最短14天,最长达到80天。总的来说,西北航道可通航年份和时间缺乏规律性。     

山地叶面积指数反演理论、方法与研究进展

叶面积指数LAI（Leaf Area Index）是表征叶片疏密程度和冠层结构特征的重要植被参数,在气候变化、作物生长模型以及碳、水循环研究中发挥着重要作用。遥感是获取区域及全球尺度LAI的一个重要手段,当前LAI产品主要基于遥感数据反演得到,但是多数LAI产品算法并未考虑地形特征的影响,导致山地LAI遥感反演精度不确定性大。提高山地LAI遥感反演精度亟需考虑地形因子对冠层反射率的影响,其中山地冠层反射率模型和遥感数据地形校正是提升山地LAI遥感反演精度的关键。本文围绕山地LAI遥感反演理论与方法,综合分析了国内外山地冠层反射率模型和地形校正模型的研究进展,总结了目前山地LAI遥感反演存在的问题,并讨论了未来研究的发展趋势。     

东海盆地西湖凹陷平北区断陷层断裂特征及其对圈闭的控制

以基底古隆精细刻画为基础,分析东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷平北区断陷层系断裂发育特征,并探讨断裂对圈闭发育的控制作用,以指导区内构造圈闭搜索与评价。根据古隆起和骨干断裂展布特征,将平北区划分为北部同向多阶断阶区、中部反向多阶断阶区和南部同向单断断阶区等3个次级区带。综合区域应力背景和火山活动期次,厘定出平北区断陷期早、晚两期断裂系统。早期断裂以NE走向为主,控制古隆起发育。晚期断裂数量多、分布广,以NNE走向为主。在南强北弱的区域伸展背景下,断陷晚期断裂发育受早期断裂及古隆起影响,局部应力场发生扭动调整,在平湖组沉积时期表现为南部强伸展、中部张扭和北部弱伸展夹扭动3种不同应力场。在此基础上,明确了张扭性断裂组合及古隆起边缘受断层影响的牵引背斜是决定有利圈闭发育的主要因素,最终提出通过平北区古隆起周边断裂精细梳理是圈闭搜索与评价的重要方向。     

导航战中卫星轨道机动燃料初步估计

由于信息化时代对空间导航系统的依赖越来越严重,未来空间战争中,导航战将是主要的战争形式之一。为提高生存能力,导航卫星需要具备一定的轨道机动能力。这里针对某种设定的机动模式,对卫星所需的燃料进行了初步估计,为导航卫星设计提供必要的设计约束。