辽宁瓦房店首次发现50号金伯利岩管深部隐伏矿体

<正>金刚石俗称钻石,以其高硬度和稀缺性成为世界上最珍贵的矿物之一。金刚石矿床按成因可分为原生矿床与次生矿床两大类,原生矿床又可分为金伯利岩和钾镁煌斑岩型,蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩和铬铁矿、碱性辉长辉绿岩、超高压变质岩、火山岩、陨石及其冲积相关的岩石中均有金刚石产出,但未形成矿床(路凤香等,1998;Cartigny,2005;Gurney et al.,2010)。次生矿床主要为砂矿床。其中原生金伯利岩型金刚石是世界上金刚石矿产的主要来源(Mitchell,1991;Gurney et al.,2005)。辽宁省瓦房店地区以盛产金伯利岩型原生金刚石闻名世界,尤以50号金伯利岩管金刚石品质最好,宝石级约占70%,质量属于世界一流(任厚民,1992;宋瑞祥,2013)。     

辽东半岛南部早白垩世变质核杂岩时空分布及动力学特征

通过详细的野外地质构造调查和对前人大量资料的综合研究,在辽东半岛南部共识别出4个变质核杂岩体,分别为金州变质核杂岩、万福变质核杂岩、新房变质核杂岩和栗子房变质核杂岩.其中新房变质核杂岩和栗子房变质核杂岩是本次首次发现并提出的.它们在形成时间和运动学特征上既具有相似性,又有一定的差异.宏、微观运动学特征表明,金州、新房变质核杂岩总体为上盘相对下盘由东向西剪切滑移,万福、栗子房变质核杂岩总体由西向东剪切滑移.通过对辽东半岛南部变质核杂岩的演化过程、形成模式及形成机制综合分析得出,金州变质核杂岩、新房变质核杂岩、万福变质核杂岩和栗子房变质核杂岩均形成于早白垩世华北克拉通破坏峰期,Izanagi板块与欧亚板块之间的交互作用是其形成的重要因素.     

普兰店元台逆冲推覆构造及控矿规律探讨

普兰店元台逆冲推覆构造为典型双重逆冲构造,以上叠式扩展而成。在自南向北逆冲过程中,形成褶皱推覆体,滞后断层,撕裂断层,反冲断层,并进一步形成构造窗和飞来峰。推覆构造形成于 J2-J3,逆冲推覆后期,花岗闪长斑岩沿逆冲推覆构造就位,其所携带的成矿热液在有利部位富集成金矿。     

辽宁东部地区桥头组微生物诱发沉积构造(MISS）的发现及意义

Through the re-investigation and understanding of the “mud crack-like sedimentary structure” in the Qiaotou Formation from late Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic in the eastern Liaoning, and by comparing with the contemporaneous microbial induced sedimentary structure (MISS) in other areas of the NCC, For the first time, the fractured sedimentary structure discovered in the Qiaotou Formation in Liaoning was identified as MISS.Results: The fissure structure found in the Qiaotou Formation is MISS, which is formed by the physical destruction of microbial mats.Conclusions: The MISS identified in the Qiaotou Formation has spindle-like, three-connected ornithoid and partially connected branched morphology, so it is speculated that the Qiaotou Formation was formed in the sedimentary environment of the upper part of the supratidal zone. This discovery provides basis for stratigraphic and sedimentological studies of the Qiaotou Formation, and is of great significance for studying the evolution of early life on earth and exploring the long-term impact of biota on the atmosphere and hydrosphere.     

辽宁东部地区桥头组微生物诱发沉积构造(MISS）的发现及意义

Through the re-investigation and understanding of the “mud crack-like sedimentary structure” in the Qiaotou Formation from late Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic in the eastern Liaoning, and by comparing with the contemporaneous microbial induced sedimentary structure (MISS) in other areas of the NCC, For the first time, the fractured sedimentary structure discovered in the Qiaotou Formation in Liaoning was identified as MISS.Results: The fissure structure found in the Qiaotou Formation is MISS, which is formed by the physical destruction of microbial mats.Conclusions: The MISS identified in the Qiaotou Formation has spindle-like, three-connected ornithoid and partially connected branched morphology, so it is speculated that the Qiaotou Formation was formed in the sedimentary environment of the upper part of the supratidal zone. This discovery provides basis for stratigraphic and sedimentological studies of the Qiaotou Formation, and is of great significance for studying the evolution of early life on earth and exploring the long-term impact of biota on the atmosphere and hydrosphere.     

辽南新房变质核杂岩的发现及地质意义

根据宏观与微观构造测量,揭示出在辽宁南部新房地区存在一个变质核杂岩构造,即新房变质核杂岩。该核杂岩具有典型的3层结构：上盘为新元古代—古生代弱变形沉积岩层,下盘是新太古代糜棱岩、片麻杂岩和中生代花岗质侵入岩体,中间是拆离断层带由不同层次构造岩构成。拆离断层带形态为向北西开口的反“C”型,产状较缓,倾向分别向西、向南、向东倾斜,线理产状240°～290°∠12°～30°。运动方向为上盘相对下盘由北东东向南西西运动,结合区域岩浆活动性及其测年资料等综合分析,新房变质核杂岩形成于早白垩世,与辽南金州变质核杂岩在几何学、运动学极性和形成时间等方面具有很多相似性,形成于同一动力学背景。该变质核杂岩的厘定不仅为阐明华北克拉通中生代岩石圈减薄过程及岩石圈的力学和流变学属性提供依据,而且为下一步新房金矿的勘查指明了找矿方向。     

华北地台东部早中寒武世古气候的识别标志及变化旋回

本文依据燕发岩及伴生沉积构造，沉积红层，碳酸盐类及鲕粒沉积、古生物、古风化壳类型，古水温、海绿石等沉积标志以及与海平面变化的关系，以山东沂水地区为分析重点，结合华北地层区的特征，将华北东部的早中寒武世古气候初步划分为六个温暖潮湿－干燥炎热气候变化旋回（基本上与三级海平面变化一致，周期１Ｍａ￣１０Ｍａ），１３个气候期，进而确定本区属于温带一热带半干旱气候区，地处中低纬度。     

辽西中生代盆地特征及盆岭构造

辽西地区中生代陆相盆地及盆岭构造发育,可划分为早中印支期（T_1,2）、晚印支期-早燕山期（T₃-J₁）、中燕山期（J₂-J₃）、晚燕山期（K₁）、末燕山期（K₂）5个盆地形成时期.一般地,盆地早期多为断陷阶段,晚期为拗陷阶段.盆地长轴方向为北东向或北北东向,受控于该时期的构造格架.山岭（古隆起）及其间宽广低拗的盆地组合形成盆岭构造.盆岭构造为辽西地区中生代构造的一大特色,可分为侏罗纪和白垩纪2个类型的盆岭构造,也反映了中生代地壳多次的裂陷和伸展作用.     

在区调中加强对多期活动断层的调查及图面表达方式的建议

多期活动断层是经过多个构造旋回、多期变形的产物,它往往控制沉积盆地形成演化、岩浆活动及矿产分布,因此,在区调中加强对其调查与研究具有重要意义.以往在区调中,仅侧重于多期活动断层的最晚期或位移量最大一期活动性质的描述,图面上也只表示一期活动,所反映地质信息单一,不能表示断层多期活动及演化的整个过程,不利于恢复区域应力场和追溯地质构造发展史.笔者以大连金州地区两条断裂为例,建议在今后区调中应加强对多期活动断层的野外调查及综合研究,丰富图面表达内容,根据断层活动时间和运动性质以颜色、花纹分别表示之,提高图面可读性,较客观地反映出同一断层不同时期的活动性质,总结区域地质构造发展演化历史.