长江水系发育史中几个问题的讨论(节要)

长江为我国三大巨川之一,主干共长约5455公里,支流众多,整个流域面积估1,950,000平方公里。中外地学家对于长江水系发育的研究,所持论点多不相同,所获论证也不多,因而从实际工作中搜集更多的资料进一步研究是很需要的。     

对开展城镇土地利用现状数据汇总的几点看法

2006年，国土资源部确定廊坊市为城镇土地利用现状数据汇总试点。为高标准、高质量地完成试点汇总工作，以便于部向全国开展城镇土地利用现状数据汇总，更好地参与国家宏观调控和服务于社会经济建设，3月1日将确定试点单位的廊坊市国土资源局市区分局、香河县国土资源局、三河市国土资源局负责汇总工作的同志聚集到香河天下第一城，在部地籍司温明炬、何平处长、中国土地勘测院规划院地籍所李万东所长、杨祝辉工程师、黄亮等同志的指导下，在较短的时间内全面完成了试点汇总工作。[第一段]     

我国海洋环境资料浮标网管理和建设总体方案论证会在京召开

为了在我国迅速建设海洋环境资料浮标网,国家海洋局于一九八五年五月二十六日至三十日在北京召开了浮标网建设和管理总体方案论证会。国家海洋局严宏谟付局长在会上做了重要讲话,强调建立我国浮标网的重要性和迫切性,国家海洋局作为国家管理海洋的职能部门义不容辞地应当把浮标网搞上去,使其尽快为海洋开发服务。     

基于多源空间数据的地质灾害监测预警系统研究——以云南省德钦县为例

三维激光扫描、合成孔径雷达干涉(InSAR)、全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)、无人机及物联网等新技术为测绘、监测以及早期预警系统(EWS)提供了更丰富的数据源。本文基于上述技术,设计提出了一种针对滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害监测预警系统(GDMEWS)的解决方案。介绍了地质灾害监测预警系统复杂多变的特点,对系统的体系结构、多源空间数据库组成、开发模式、业务逻辑、系统开发的方法及关键技术进行了分析。论文以具有独特的地形地貌、滑坡和泥石流类型众多、典型多样的德钦县为案例区,探讨GDMEWS的体系机构及关键技术。首先,对系统的功能要求,监测及预测模型等进行了讨论;其次,研究了灾前预警、灾中抢险、灾后重建全过程的逻辑关系,开发防灾减灾和地质灾害管理支持工具;再次,阐述了多源监测数据集成方法和地质灾害机理模型的建立。最后,对GDMEWS的研发实现进行了阐述,并说明其在德钦县地灾的全过程实时动态管理、监测和预警中的应用。     

中国九龙江河口营养盐基准值研究

One of the key concerns in estuarine and coastal environments is eutrophication, which is known to be closely connected to nutrient enrichment. To control and improve surface water quality, nutrient criteria are recommended in order to provide reference conditions for the environment. However, the current datasets of nutrient criteria in China are either designed for surface water or sea water, and as such these are not suitable for assessing estuarine water quality, especially given the unique ecosystem and dynamic properties of estuaries. To address this issue in current estuarine water management, nutrient criteria have been developed for a local estuary in the southeast of China. Segmentation of the Jiulong River Estuary, China was firstly analysed through field investigations carried out during 2013–2014, which resulted in the delineation of three segments characterized by their distinct properties in relation to salinity, hydrology, ecosystems, etc. Historical records from 1997 to 2014 were then analysed using statistical modelling to develop candidate nutrient criteria for the estuary.This stage of the analysis was undertaken in combination with the study of nutrient status records from the 1980s,which were used to establish a baseline reference condition. The recommended criteria values of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) in Segments Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ of the Jiulong River Estuary are 64, 21 and 14 μmol/L,respectively, and the corresponding values for soluble reactive phosphorus(SRP) are 0.89, 0.76 and 0.89 μmol/L,respectively. It should be emphasised that these values are site-dependent, and that different results may be achieved at other locations depending on the physical and biogeochemical characteristics of an estuary, or even a single site within a catchment. It is hoped that by demonstrating a possible methodological approach and methods of nutrient criteria derivation in the Jiulong River Estuary, the current study will offer researchers some fundamental basis from which to begin to develop more complete nutrient criteria indices for the study of nutrient conditions in other estuaries throughout China.     

Geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic study of alkaline syenites in Liangtun-Kuangdonggou, Liaoning Province, China： Evidence for enriched mantle before 1.86 Ga and implications

The 1.86 Ga Liangtun-Kuangdonggou complex (LKC) is one of the oldest alkaline syenite bodies so far discovered in China. This syenite suite has elevated contents of total alkali (K2O Na2O), with an average of 10.50%, and a mean Rittmann Index (σ) of 6.48. The intrusions have slightly higher concentrations of K2O than those of Na2O on a weight percent basis, indicating the rocks belong to potassium-rich alkaline syenite series. Total rare-earth element concentrations (∑REE ) of the rocks are relatively high, ranging from 324×10 -6 to 1314×10 -6, with a mean value of 666×10 -6. The REE patterns are subparallel and rightward steep with (La/Yb)N >33, showing mild negative to positive Eu anomalies (δEu: 0.63-1.15). All samples exhibit strong LILE and LREE enrichments and TNT (Nb, Ta, Ti) and P depletions in multi-element spidergrams. On the εSr(t)-εNd(t) correlation diagram, most analytical data points plot within the enriched mantle field with low ( 87Sr/86Sr)i ratios (0.7045-0.7051) and negative εNd(t) values (-3.72--3.97), falling among those kimberlites from Fuxian County, Liaoning Provinve, from Mengyin County, Shandong Province and the Ⅱ-type kimberlites from South Africa. These characteristics imply that the LKC-rocks may have the same source as the above-mentioned kimberlites, i.e., they have close connections to the materials derived from enriched mantle reservoirs, further revealing that the upper mantle beneath the northeastern part of the North China Plate had been highly enriched before 1.86 Ga. Geodynamically, the LKC-rocks were formed in a within-plate environment with close genetic connections to rift-related alkaline magma activities possibly controlled by ancient mantle plumes.     

面向GeoData Service的矿产资源规划信息服务系统

通过对当前矿产资源规划信息化建设现状,以及GeoData Service技术特征和优势的基础上,提出面向服务理念架构3层B/S模式的矿产资源规划信息服务系统.着重对系统的逻辑结构、空间数据库、系统功能进行了详细设计,并对封装了矿产资源规划成果数据的GeoData Service服务的构建要点、处理方法及该种处理方法的技术优势进行了阐述;同时给出了在Domet框架下,采用ArcGIS Server.NET ADF开发技术,开发实现的矿产资源规划信息服务系统的运行实例.最后,剖析了Web ADF异步回调技术、基于JavaScript的Web动态导航技术、ADO.NET数据访问技术、系统性能的整体优化方法等关键技术在系统中的具体实现.系统运行表明,矿产资源规划信息服务系统为矿产资源规划信息化建设领域系统建设的架构方式从Web GISystem到Web GIServices的转变及矿产资源规划成果数据信息的同步更新与管理、远程提取、网络分布式共享拓展了一种新的应用模式.     

震前动物习性异常与地震活动的关系

鲶鱼、鸽子、虎皮鹦鹉等动物行为活动的定量观测结果表明,1989年唐山震区发生的四个Ms≥4.0 级强余震前1-2天和几天内,动物的习性活动值呈现明显增高,其活动性重心发生改变,昼夜活动节律紊乱。这有可能为临震预报提供一定的信息。