副高变化与河南汛期早旱涝关系

利用1951－1998年副高特征量历史资料，揭示了副高特征量的季节和年变化特征，并进行画高形态分类，分析了副高特征量变化与河南汛期旱涝的关系。     

好氧强化降解湖底有机碎屑的初步研究

以巢湖湖底有机碎屑为研究对象,基于对有机碎屑中总有机碳的测定,研究了利用好氧强化降解湖底有机碎屑.研究了有机碎屑的可生化性及好氧强化降解湖底有机碎屑的效果,并讨论了有机碎屑的浓度及曝气量对其降解效果的影响.结果说明,处理的有机碎屑具有较好的可生化性,在反应30 h左右,降解达到了平衡,总去除率达到了50.69%,降解速率常数K₂₅为0.19 h^-1.有机碎屑的浓度以及曝气量对降解效果具有一定的影响.强化好氧法与传统的对底泥处理的方法相比具有更快、更好的效果,为预防及治理水体黑臭现象提供了新的途径.     

基于频谱分析的水体波浪—紊动流速分离方法

根据波浪影响下水质点运动速度的频谱分布特征,本文提出了一种用于分离水体波浪轨道流速与紊动流速的分离方法.该方法仅需通过一台流速仪对水体瞬时流速进行高频测量,便可对水体波浪—紊动流速进行分离,实现受波浪影响水体的紊动分析.通过验证,频谱分析法不仅能够用于实验室中规则波浪条件下水体波浪—紊动流速的分离,还能够对野外不规则波...     

ADSL VPN技术在黑龙江数字地震观测网络项目中的应用

本文结合黑龙江省数字地震观测网络项目,对其信道解决方案中所采用的ADSL VPN技术的原理、特点等进行了介绍,详细阐述了使用该技术在项目建设中的典型应用案例。从对该案例关键点的分析和试运行结果总结得出：利用ADSL VPN技术可较好实现稳定、可靠、高效、安全的地震观测网络互联。     

Review on snowmelt runoff simulation in mountain regions,Northwest China北大核心CSCD

Snowmelt runoff is a valuable water resource in Northwest China. In the past few decades, progress has been achieved in snowmelt runoff simulation in mountainous areas, including observation and simulation of snow melt process, improvement and development of distributed snow melt runoff model, and ability for application of snow melt runoff model with temporal and spatial distribution driving data. The development of interpolation algorithm, remote sensing and data assimilation technology provides data support for the widespread application of distributed snowmelt runoff model in northwest mountainous regions of China. Climate warming and economic and social development will further aggravate the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources in the arid regions of Northwest China, which requires higher precision and detail spatial and temporal resolution of snowmelt runoff simulation. Based on the progress and challenges on snowmelt runoff simulation in mountainous regions of Northwest China, following studies need more attention：the mechanism of snow accumulation and ablation, snow cover spatial and temporal distribution monitoring and high precision of snow distribution data acquisition, quantitative climate change impact on river basin snowmelt runoff. © 2022 The authors.     

基于中国北极考察布放浮标观测和数值模拟的海冰和积雪厚度变化分析

Sea ice and the snow pack on top of it were investigated using Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition(CHINARE) buoy data.Two polar hydrometeorological drifters,known as Zeno? ice stations,were deployed during CHINARE 2003.A new type of high-resolution Snow and Ice Mass Balance Arrays,known as SIMBA buoys,were deployed during CHINARE 2014.Data from those buoys were applied to investigate the thickness of sea ice and snow in the CHINARE domain.A simple approach was applied to estimate the average snow thickness on the basis of Zeno~ temperature data.Snow and ice thicknesses were also derived from vertical temperature profile data based on the SIMBA buoys.A one-dimensional snow and ice thermodynamic model(HIGHTSI) was applied to calculate the snow and ice thickness along the buoy drift trajectories.The model forcing was based on forecasts and analyses of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF).The Zeno~ buoys drifted in a confined area during 2003–2004.The snow thickness modelled applying HIGHTSI was consistent with results based on Zeno~ buoy data.The SIMBA buoys drifted from 81.1°N,157.4°W to 73.5°N,134.9°W in 15 months during2014–2015.The total ice thickness increased from an initial August 2014 value of 1.97 m to a maximum value of2.45 m before the onset of snow melt in May 2015;the last observation was approximately 1 m in late November2015.The ice thickness based on HIGHTSI agreed with SIMBA measurements,in particular when the seasonal variation of oceanic heat flux was taken into account,but the modelled snow thickness differed from the observed one.Sea ice thickness derived from SIMBA data was reasonably good in cold conditions,but challenges remain in both snow and ice thickness in summer.     

渤海灾害性海浪特征分析

渤海是我国的北方内海,海洋捕捞、海上航运、石油平台等海洋生产活动频繁,几乎每年都有由灾害性海浪引起的海难事件发生,造成较大的经济损失和人员伤亡.利用渤海周边10个波浪观测站40余年的海浪观测资料,进行了灾害性海浪特征分析和海浪致灾原因分析,给出了渤海灾害性海浪的时、空变化和分布特征,并对海浪灾害致灾原因进行天气学分析.结果表明:渤海灾害性海浪季节和区域特征明显,冬季多发于渤海海峡和莱州湾,一般强度较强;夏季多发于辽东湾和渤海湾,强度较弱.     

不断创新维权工作 继续拓展合作空间

1月11日,2012年维护国家海洋权益与国际合作工作会议在北京召开。会议的主要任务是：学习贯彻党的十七届五中、六中全会和中央经济工作会议精神,以科学发展观为统领,认真落实全国海洋工作会议的工作部署,总结回顾2011年维护国家海洋权益和国际合作工作,研究部署2012年重点工作任务,全面推进海洋维权与国际合作工作实现科学发展。     

南极Dome A至普里兹湾沿岸下降风特征

本文利用我国极地数值天气预报系统和美国南极中尺度预报系统的存档数据,分析了Dome A至普里兹湾沿岸地区下降风风场的时空分布和大气质量通量,给出了该地区下降风的基本特点。该地区下降风受南极冰盖地形影响强烈,艾默里冰架西侧等陡峭地区风速总体较大;下降风随季节变化较大,冬季的下降风较强。强下降风在前进过程中有绝热增温现象,并给艾默里冰架西部带来近表层升温。下降风风速最大处位于地面以上约100～200 m高度,风速较大地区的下降风在垂直方向上分布较为深厚。下降风在普里兹湾沿岸的表层大气质量通量在时空分布上极不均匀,艾默里冰架西侧的下降风气流较强时,普里兹湾海域有较多的中尺度气旋活动。下降风引发普里兹湾中尺度气旋旋生的过程值得关注,需进一步研究下降风引发中尺度气旋的机理。