生态旅游地的界定

通过对生态旅游地现有观点的评析,提出从景观生态学的角度判别生态旅游地的思路,并把人类干扰程度、基底成分、尺度和景观功能作为生态旅游地判别的4个标准。在景观生态学分析的基础上,提出生态旅游地的定义,并把我国生态旅游地划分为自然生态旅游地和以自然为主、自然与人文共生的生态旅游地两种类型。     

硅酸盐岩浆的Fe^3＋—Fe^2＋平衡与氧逸度

铁是硅酸盐岩浆中唯一呈两种价态存在的主要元素.岩浆中Fe~(3+)——Fe~(2+)的平街不仅显著地影响岩浆结晶作用的趋势,而且由于Fe~(3+)和Fe~(2+)在熔体相中具有不同的结构作用,从而影响熔体的性质,如密度和粘度等.氧是岩浆中具有相当化学活动性的组分.岩浆演化过程中氧逸度的变化明显地影响岩浆的结构、流变学性质和化学成分.对岩浆中Fe~(3+)——Fe~(2+)平衡的研究,可以获得有关氧逸度变化的信息,因而具有重要的岩石学意义.     

页岩气勘探开发中水土环境污染的同位素技术

<正>1引言在能源需求日益增大的情况下,页岩气的开发受到全球各国的关注。水平钻进和水力压裂两项新技术的应用,打开了页岩气新能源的大门,它改变了美国能源的格局,也将改变世界能源应用的方向。非常规页岩气的开发已经扩展到加拿大,很快将在全球范围内开展起来。在南美、北非和南非、欧洲和中国以及澳大利亚都拥有大量的页岩气资     

中国金属镁工业的环境效应与可持续发展

中国的优质白云岩、菱镁矿资源丰富,为发展金属镁工业提供了良好条件。20世纪90年代末,以相对浪费能源、资源和牺牲区域环境质量为代价,依赖皮江法炼镁技术,中国发展成为世界上金属镁生产和出口的第一大国。现今中国社会和经济发展面临的能源、资源和环境挑战,决定了必须对皮江法炼镁技术进行变革,以实现金属镁工业的清洁生产和节约发展。以优质白云岩为原料,经煅烧和钙镁分离,生产轻质碳酸钙和氧化镁,进而采用碳热还原法提取金属镁的技术,较之传统的皮江法具有资源利用率高、节能高效、且可完全实现清洁生产等优势。这一创新技术体系,将在现今中国国情背景下,引导金属镁工业步入可持续发展之路,符合建立资源节约型、环境友好型国家的要求。     

我国土地评价研究的近今进展

近年我国的土地评价研究已从大范围向中、小范围深入,从大农业综合评价转向农、林、牧单项评价甚至单作物评价,旅游用地评价和城市土地经济评价等非农业用地评价也得以展开。评价理论全面深化,计量方法及遥感和地理信息系统等新技术手段得到日益广泛应用。这些表明,我国的土地评价研究已进入一个新阶段。今后,应进一步拓宽研究领域,努力实现方法的规范化,大力加强基础研究,进一步革新研究手段,建立土地评价数据库。     

云南泸西岩溶断陷盆地水循环系统及水资源循环利用方案

云南泸西岩溶断陷盆地水资源丰富,但水资源时空分布极为不均,水资源利用率低.盆地地貌具有水平分区明显,垂向分级清楚的特点,盆底沉积平坝区是南盘江流域的局部上层排泄基准,其间残存和恢复重建的湿地具有调节和净化水的功能,且高程接近于供水需求区带.因此,分析和构建地表水-地下水联合调度的水资源循环利用方案,可有效提高水资源的利...     

雅鲁藏布江流域1961-2005年气候变化趋势

The Yarlung Zangbo River (YR) is the highest great river in the world, and its basin is one of the centers of human economic activity in Tibet. Using 10 meteorological stations over the YR basin in 1961–2005, the spatial and temporal characteristics of temperature and precipitation as well as potential evapotranspiration are analyzed. The results are as follows. (1) The annual and four seasonal mean air temperature shows statistically significant increasing trend, the tendency is more significant in winter and fall. The warming in Lhasa river basin is most significant. (2) The precipitation is decreasing from the 1960s to the 1980s and increasing since the 1980s. From 1961 to 2005, the annual and four seasonal mean precipitation is increasing but not statistically significant, especially in fall and spring. The increasing precipitation rates are more pronounced in Niyangqu and Palong Zangbo river basins, the closer to the upper YR is, the less precipitation increasing rate would be. (3) The annual and four seasonal mean potential evapotranspiration has decreased, especially after the 1980s, and most of it happens in winter and spring. The decreasing trend is most significant in the middle YR and Nianchu river basin. (4) Compared with the Mt. Qomolangma region, Tibetan Plateau, China and global average, the magnitudes of warming trend over the YR basin since the 1970s exceed those areas in the same period, and compared with the Tibetan Plateau, the magnitudes of precipitation increasing and potential evapotranspiration decreasing are larger, suggesting that the YR basin is one of the most sensitive areas to global warming.     

NCEP/NCAR 再分析资料在喜马拉雅山-青藏高原气象研究中的可行性分析

Due to the difficult logistics in the extreme high elevation regions over the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau, the observational meteorological data are very few. In 2003, an automatic weather station was deployed at the northeastern saddle of Mt. Nyainqentanglha (NQ) (30°24′44.3″ N, 90°34′13.1″ E, 5850 m a.s.l.), the southern Tibetan Plateau. In 2005, another station was operated at the East Rongbuk Glacier Col (28°01′0.95″ N, 86°57′48.4″ E, 6523 m a.s.l.) of Mt. Qomolangma. Observational data from the two sites have been compared with the reanalysis data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR), reliability of NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data has been investigated in the Himalayas/Tibetan Plateau region. The reanalysis data can capture much of the synoptic-scale variability in temperature and pressure, although the reanalysis values are systematically lower than the observation. Furthermore, most of the variability magnitude is, to some degree, underestimated. In addition, the weather event extracted from the NCEP/NCAR reanalyzed pressure and temperature prominently appears one day ahead of the observational data on Mt. Qomolangma, while on Mt. NQ it occurs basically in the same day.     

非水溶性钾矿制取碳酸钾:副产硅铝胶凝材料

白云鄂博稀土-铌-铁矿床上部围岩产富钾板岩, 其K2O平均含量达13.0%, 钾资源储量巨大.矿石的物相组成以微斜长石、黑云母为主, 是一种重要的非水溶性钾矿资源.实验表明, 以碳酸钠为助剂, 经中温烧结, 矿石分解率达98.2%以上.烧结物料中K₂O的浸出率约70%, 且在水浸酸化反应过程中, 大部分Fe3+、Ti4+、Mn2+、Mg2+、Ca2+等杂质离子与硅铝质胶体同时沉淀析出, 为制取电子级碳酸钾提供了可能.硅铝质胶体滤渣用于制备矿物聚合材料.采用本项技术开发利用此类非水溶性钾矿资源, 符合节能高效和“清洁生产”的要求, 兼有规模化经济效益和良好的环境效益.