长江上游社会经济因子对侵蚀产沙的影响

In recent years,the role of human activities in changing sediment yield has become more apparent for the construction of hydraulic engineering and water conservation projec-tions in the Upper Yangtze River,but it has not been evaluated at the macro scale.Taking Sichuan Province and Chongqing City as an example,this paper studies the relationship between socio-economic factors and sediment yield in the Upper Yangtze River based on section data in 1989 and 2007.The results show that sediment yield is significantly correlated with population density and cultivated area,in which the former appears to be more closely related to sediment yield.Moreover,in the relation of sediment yield vs.population density,a critical value of population density exists,below which the sediment yield increases with the increase of population density and over which the sediment yield increases with the decrease of population density.The phenomenon essentially reflects the influence of natural factors,such as topography,precipitation and soil property,and some human activities on sediment yield.The region with a higher population density than critical value is located in the east of the study area and is characterized by plains,hills and low mountains,whereas the opposite is located in the west and characterized by middle and high mountains.In the eastern region,more people live on the lands with a low slope where regional soil erosion is slight;therefore,sediment yield is negatively related with population density.In contrast,in the western region,the population tends to aggregate in the areas with abundant soil and water resources which usually lead to a higher intensity of natural erosion,and in turn,high-intensity agricultural practices in these areas may further strengthen local soil erosion.It is also found that popu-lation tends to move from the areas with bad environment and high sediment yield to the areas with more comfortable environment and less sediment yield.The natural factors have greater influence on sediment yield of western region than that of eastern region.Generally,the natural factors play a dominant role on sediment yield in the Upper Yangtze River.     

鄂尔多斯盆地华庆地区延长组长6储层成岩相及微观孔隙结构

鄂尔多斯盆地华庆地区延长组长6储层物性差、非均质性强。利用铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X衍射、物性、高压压汞等分析测试手段,深入分析了超低渗储层成岩作用、成岩相及其微观孔隙结构特征。结果表明:发育的优势储集成岩相主要有水云母胶结-残余粒间孔+长石溶蚀相、长石溶蚀+水云母胶结-残余粒间孔相、长石溶蚀+绿泥石膜胶结-残余粒间孔相等。不同类型成岩相的微观孔隙结构特征不同,孔喉比和配位数与最大进汞饱和度和退汞效率有很好的对应关系,即孔喉比越小,配位数越大,则最大进汞饱和度和退汞效率越大,如水云母胶结-残余粒间孔+长石溶孔相;反之,孔喉比越大,配位数越小,最大进汞饱和度和退汞效率越小,如长石溶孔+绿泥石膜胶结-残余粒间孔相。     

2007年全国地貌与第四纪学术研讨会在福州召开

2007年全国地貌与第四纪学术研讨会于2007年11月20~22日在福建师范大学隆重召开。本次会议由中国地理学会地貌与第四纪专业委员会主办,福建师范大学地理科学学院协办,福建师范大学为本次会议提供了资助。来自全国31个研究所、大学等单位的86位代表以及福建师范大学地理科学学院     

杭州湾潮滩沉积物黏土矿物空间差异与物源指示

通过对杭州湾潮滩沉积物中主要黏土矿物成分及组合类型的研究,分析了杭州湾潮滩沉积物黏土矿物的空间分布特征。借助聚类分析等手段,同时结合杭州湾水动力特征,探讨了研究区黏土矿物的来源和成因。研究结果表明,杭州湾潮滩表层沉积物主要为黏土质粉砂,其余为砂质粉砂。本区沉积物黏土矿物成分复杂,主要为伊利石,其次是高岭石和绿泥石;还有少量蒙皂石和蛭石及1.4 nm过渡矿物。根据其相对含量可分为3种组合类型:Ⅰ型为伊利石-高岭石-绿泥石-蛭石类-蒙皂石型,Ⅱ型为伊利石-绿泥石-高岭石-蒙皂石-蛭石类型,Ⅲ型为伊利石-高岭石-绿泥石-蒙皂石-蛭石类型。在空间上,北岸的蒙皂石和绿泥石平均含量高于南岸,而伊利石、高岭石和蛭石(含1.4 nm过渡矿物)平均含量则低于南岸。高潮滩和中潮滩黏土矿物对比,除了蒙皂石含量高潮滩大于中潮滩外,其他矿物含量均无明显规律。表层沉积物黏土矿物的分布特征与水动力条件和物质来源密切相关,杭州湾北岸乍浦以东潮滩受潮流和长江沿岸流影响明显,沉积物主要为长江和东海源的;南岸由于曹娥江和甬江两条河流的注入,流域物质所占比例明显比北岸高。柱状岩芯样品中各黏土矿物含量自下而上的变化则反映了物源区风化强度的波动特征。     

内蒙古中北部白垩系下统固阳组（K1g）特征及其区域对比

固阳组在测区内分布广泛,主要出露在固阳盆地的昔连脑包,西河盆地的兴茂昌,塔林宫盆地的塔林宫、本布黑,园房子盆地的毛忽洞、园圃图,东红胜盆地的流通壕一带,出露面积1,823．4km2,其岩石组合、生物特征、沉积环境等方面都有可比性。     

同步卫星运动引起时延测量值变化的特性

讨论了陕西天文台卫星电视传递时间频率系统所测得的时延值变化特性,依据实测数值给出时延值日变化的模式并与实际结果做了比较。把连续6天这个模式的结果再进行二次多项式回归,可以预报后6天的时延值,精度为几微秒。     

流域系统的泥沙灾害类型及其划分原则

泥沙灾害按驱动力、灾害发生的地貌学系统、灾害的表现形式及具体灾害系统，分层次逐级划分成自然动力与人为动力泥沙灾害2个灾列；流域水质，沟道坡面、河道及平原河口海岸4个泥沙灾害类：侵蚀型、输移（搬运）型、堆积型、复杂型及关联型5种泥沙灾害型；最后分别列出2系列的49个及54个灾种。这是一种比较综合、系统的分类原则和类型划分。从流水地貌、泥沙运动及灾害学相结合来看，泥沙灾害具有自然地理地带性、垂直分带性、群发性、继发性和周期性、渐发性和突发性，以及复杂性和非线性等特征。     

铝硅酸盐粘土矿物对形成过渡带气的催化作用研究

通过成岩作用研究查明了生物-热催化过渡带烃源岩中的粘土矿物主要为蒙脱石、伊/蒙间层矿物、伊利石、高岭石、绿泥石.在过渡带深度范围内,蒙脱石经伊/蒙无序间层向伊/蒙有序间层演化,转化的实质是在蒙脱石晶层间发生大量的铝替代硅,从而导致其表面电荷不平衡而形成酸性.用吡啶解析法测定了铝硅酸盐粘土矿物的表面酸性,它们均具有路易斯和布朗酸位,而且蒙脱石的酸性最强.并在差热-色谱连机仪上模拟了铝硅酸盐蒙脱石、伊利石、高岭石粘土矿物对过渡带有机质热解生气的催化作用,通过粘土催化醇脱水反应讨论了铝硅酸盐粘土矿物对过渡带有机质成烃的催化机理.实验分析发现蒙脱石是形成过渡带气的主要催化剂,且能使有机质热降解温度降低50℃.     

论西北地区资源优势与可持续发展

从资源，环境，经济协调发展的关系出发，论述了西北地区资源优势及西北地区走可持续发展的必然性，同时提出了西北地区经济可持续发展的对策和建议。