L波段差分干涉SAR卫星基础形变产品分类

L波段差分干涉SAR卫星(陆探一号,LT-1)是我国第1组以干涉为核心任务的L频段全极化民用SAR卫星星座,LT-1由1型2星组成,利用差分形变测量技术完成指定区域的形变监测任务。本文综合研究了我国形变监测需求以及卫星观测能力,提出了基础形变产品的3个层次。第1层次为形变场产品,是使用同一地区两景检校的单视复数(single look complex, SLC)影像进行差分干涉生产的。第2层次为形变速率场产品,是使用同一地区多景检校的SLC影像,通过对其形变场产品进行加权堆叠生产的。第3层次为形变时序产品,是使用同一地区多景检校产品,通过时序建模生产的。本文以覆盖山西省大同市云冈区的Sentinel-1数据为例,对形变产品进行了研究分析,并对产品的特性和结果进行了初步说明。本文提出的形变产品体系能够为产品的业务化生产提供参考。     

珊瑚藻-孔石藻（Porolithon onkodes）对海水温度升高与pH值降低的响应

Coralline algae(CA),a type of primary calcifying producer presented in coastal ecosystems,are considered one of the highly sensitive organisms to marine environmental change.However,experimental studies on coralline algae responses to elevated seawater temperature and reduced pH have documented either contradictory or opposite results.In this study,we analysed the growth and physiological responses of coralline algae Porolithon onkodes to the elevated temperature(30.8°C)and reduced pH(7.8).The aim of this analysis was to observe the direct and combined effects,while elucidating the growth and photosynthesis in this response.It was demonstrated that the algae thallus growth rate and photosynthesis under elevated temperature were depressed by 21.5%and 14.9%respectively.High pCO2 enhanced the growth and photosynthesis of the thallus at ambient temperature,while they were deceased when both temperature and pCO2 were elevated.CA is among the most sensitive organisms to ocean acidification(OA)because of their precipitate high Mg-calcite.We hypothesize that coralline algae could increase their calcification rate in order to counteract the effects of moderate acidification,but offset by the effect of elevated temperature.Accordingly,our results also support the conclusion that global warming(GW)is a stronger threat to algal performance than OA.Our findings are also proposed that coralline algae may be more resilient under OA than GW.     

甘肃北山地区红山铁矿床成因及成矿机制

甘肃北山地区红山铁矿床为赋存于元古界青白口系顶部的沉积变质型铁矿床,其铁矿石主要类型为磁铁矿,少量为赤铁矿、镜铁矿。矿石储量可达亿吨,经野外调研和室内综合研究,本矿床形成于裂陷海盆中,与多处含铁的热卤水喷流柱上涌有关,属于"Sedex"型铁矿类型。     

热带东风中经向扰动与纬向扰动的相互作用

本文解释了热带大尺度大气运动速度的分布,从线性化涡度方程和散度方程求出了波速公式,该公式等于罗斯贝波速与含有X和t的谐和函数之和,其周期约3.5天,并证明,此时扰动为正压不稳定,这种现象的产生是经向扰动和纬向扰动相互作用的结果。     

犬齿牙鲆幼鱼呼吸耗氧率的研究

对犬齿牙鲆幼鱼在不同环境条件下的呼吸频率、耗氧率以及窒息浮头现象进行了观测研究。结果表明:犬齿牙鲆在适宜温度范围,呼吸频率随温度的升高而加快,在适宜生长温度范围,其呼吸频率为60～100次/min。耗氧量与鱼体重正相关,二者之间的相关关系符合M=1.8469W0.8317(r=0.9116)模式。其耗氧率随温度和盐度的增加而增加,在水温20℃左右,体重108g的犬齿牙鲆24h平均耗氧率为1.6676μg/(min·g),明显低于褐牙鲆(体重69.3～151.4g)耗氧率2.68μg/(min·g)和大菱鲆(17℃体重70～110g)耗氧率3.4667μg/(min·g)的水平。其耗氧率白天为1.824μg/(min·g),夜间为1.511μg/(min·g),白天耗氧率是夜间的1 21倍,昼夜差异明显。犬齿牙鲆20℃半数死亡窒息点耗氧率为0 747mg/L,全部死亡窒息点耗氧率为0 569mg/L。     

处理钻探孔内埋钻事故"气动"方法及实际应用

"气动"方法是一种处理钻探孔内埋钻事故的新型方法,本文从"气动"方法的原理和与之相配套的封闭钻孔环状空间孔口装置的结构入手,结合工程实例对地面定向水平井施工时发生卡埋钻事故的过程、原因深入分析,对事故成功处理的全过程和所具体使用的每一种处理方法进行了全面剖析,证明封闭钻孔环状空间孔口装置是一种装卸方便性能可靠的封孔设备,认为"气动"方法处理钻探孔内事故行之有效,可以广泛应用于煤田防治水地面定向多分支水平注浆孔钻探工程。     

赞比亚卢弗里安弧构造带再活化的证据:锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹年代学

锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹年代学对揭示构造热事件的形成及演化过程具有重要的研究意义.利用锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹测试及热史模拟探讨了卢弗里安弧构造带自泛非构造运动以来的构造热演化过程.谦比希铜矿床和恩昌加铜（钴）矿床位于卢弗里安弧铜-钴成矿带中的赞比亚境内.对采自该两个矿床中的5件新鲜岩石样品进行挑选,获得了5件锆石和4件磷灰石样品.首次获得了卢弗里安弧构造带中的裂变径迹年龄,5件锆石样品的年龄分别为265±22 Ma、230±10 Ma、228±9 Ma、225±9 Ma和221±10 Ma.4件磷灰石样品的年龄分别为145±10 Ma、133±10 Ma、130±10 Ma和92±9 Ma,径迹长度介于（11.4±2.4）~（11.8±2.4）μm.从热历史模拟结果可看出,从300~260 Ma,古地温持续降低至90 ℃左右;随后,缓慢降低至现今的地表温度.对比卢弗里安弧构造带、赞比西构造带和达马拉构造带中的年龄数据,研究表明非洲中南部地区二叠纪-白垩纪的构造活动是一个区域性的构造活动事件.      

Field Observation and Analysis of Wave-Current-Sediment Movement in Caofeidian Sea Area in the Bohai Bay, China

In order to study the mechanism of flow-sediment movement, it is essential to obtain measured data of water hydrodynamic and sediment concentration process with high spatial and temporal resolution in the bottom boundary layer (BBL). Field observations were carried out in the northwest Caofeidian sea area in the Bohai Bay. Near 2 m isobath (under the lowest tidal level), a tripod system was installed with AWAC (Acoustic Wave And Current), ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers), OBS-3A (Optical Backscatter Point Sensor), ADV (Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters), etc. The accurate measurement of the bottom boundary layer during a single tidal period was carried out, together with a long-term sediment concentration measurement under different hydrological conditions. All the measured data were used to analyze the characteristics of wave-current-sediment movement and the BBL. Analysis was performed on flow structure, shear stress, roughness, eddy viscosity and other parameters of the BBL. Two major findings were made. Firstly, from the measured data, the three-layer distribution model of the velocity profiles and eddy viscosities in the wave-current BBL are proposed in the observed sea area; secondly, the sediment movement is related closely to wind-waves in the muddy coast area where sediment is clayey silt: 1) The observed suspended sediment concentration under light wind conditions is very low, with the peak value generally smaller than 0.1 kg/m3 and the average value being 0.03 kg/m3; 2) The sediment concentration increases continuously under the gales over 6-7 in Beaufort scale, under a sustained wind action. The measured peak sediment concentration at 0.4 m above the seabed is 0.15-0.32 kg/m3, and the average sediment concentration during wind-wave action is 0.08-0.18 kg/m3, which is about 3-6 times the value under light wind conditions. The critical wave height signaling remarkable changes of sediment concentration is 0.5 m. The results show that the suspended load sediment concentration is mainly influenced by wave-induced sediment suspension.     

空间信息网格的若干问题分析

网格的出现为当代的空间信息科学带来了发展机遇,也对空间信息科学提出了新的挑战。将网格技术引入到空间信息的处理和应用中来,成为测绘工作者必须面对的重要课题和任务。本文系统分析了空间信息网格的概念、开展空间信息网格研究的必要性以及空间信息网格的特性,同时提出了面向服务的空间信息网格体系模型。